1. _____ are the benefits that can be measured in dollars.   tangible benefits
2. _____ design and construct web pages, monitor traffic, manage hardware and software, and link web-based applications to a company’s information systems.   Web support specialists
3. _____ design and construct web pages, monitor traffic, manage hardware and software, and link web-based applications to a company’s information systems.  web support specialists
4. _____ is a systems development technique that produces a graphical representation of a concept or process that systems developers can analyze, test, and modify.  Modeling
5. _____ is a systems development technique that tests system concepts and provides an opportunity to examine input, output, and user interfaces before final decisions are made.  Prototyping
6. _____ is a systems development technique that tests system concepts and provides an opportunity to examine input, output, and user interfaces before final decisions are made.  Prototyping
7. _____ is performed to determine the economic feasibility of an information system project and to compare alternative solutions   cost-benefit analysis
8. _____ means that a project can be implemented in an acceptable time frame.  Schedule feasibility
9. _____ result from a decrease in expenses, an increase in revenues, or both.  Tangible benefits
10. _____ usually focus on long-term challenges and goals, the importance of a firm’s stakeholders, and a commitment to the firm’s role as a corporate citizen.   Mission statements
11. _____, a free cloud-based project management tool, runs in a browser window, so there is no software to install to use it.  Gantter
12. A _____ checker is a tool in most word processing programs that detects usage problems and offers suggestions.  Grammar
13. A _____ displays the same information as the Gantt chart, including task dependencies, but uses task boxes to include much more detail.  network diagram
14. A _____ includes a review of a project’s scope, stakeholders, budget, schedule, and any other internal or external factors that might affect the project.  risk management plan
15. A _____ involves breaking a project down into a series of smaller tasks.   Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
16. A _____ is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it.  risk response plan
17. A _____ is a requirement or condition that a system must satisfy or an outcome that a system must achieve.  constraint
18. A _____ is a requirement or condition that a system must satisfy or an outcome that a system must achieve.   constraint
19. A _____ is an analysis tool that represents the possible causes of a problem as a graphical outline.  fishbone diagram
20. A systems analyst conducts a preliminary investigation to study the _____ and recommend specific action.   systems request
21. A(n) _____ is a recognizable reference point that can be used to monitor progress.  Event
22. A(n) _____ shows the data that flow in and out of system processes   process model
23. A(n) _____ shows the data that flow in and out of system processes   process model
24. A(n) _____ shows the data that flow in and out of system processes.  process model
25. A(n) _____ uses various symbols and shapes to represent data flow, processing, and storage.  data flow diagram
26. Advantages of agile methods are: Very flexible and efficient in dealing with change. Stresses team interaction and reflects a set of community-based values. Frequent deliverables constantly validate the project and reduce risk   true
27. Advantages of object-oriented analysis: Integrates easily with object-oriented programming languages. Code is modular and reusable, which can reduce cost and development time. Easy to maintain and expand because new objects can be created using inherited properties   true
28. Advantages of object-oriented analysis: Integrates easily with object-oriented programming languages. Code is modular and reusable, which can reduce cost and development time. Easy to maintain and expand because new objects can be created using inherited properties.  True
29. Advantages of structured analysis: Traditional method that has been very popular over time. Relies heavily on written documentation. Frequent phase iteration can provide flexibility comparable to other methods. Well-suited to traditional project management tools and techniques   true
30. Agile methods typically use a(n) _____ , which represents a series of iterations based on user feedback  spiral model
31. Business support systems _____.  provide job-related information support to users at all levels of a company
32. Critical Thinking Questions
    
    Mauricio, a project manager at a reputed firm, has been assigned to handle a new project that the firm has received. This project involves a lot of scheduling that has to be handled by Mauricio.
    
    Mauricio estimates that the first module of the project could be completed in as few as 15 days or could take as many as 25 days, but most likely will require 20 days. What is the 20 day estimate called?  probable-case estimate (P
33. Determining the _____ means defining the specific boundaries, or extent, of a project.  project scope
34. Determining the _____ means defining the specific boundaries, or extent, of a project.  project scope
35. Disadvantage of object-oriented analysis: Somewhat newer method might be less familiar to development team members. Interaction of objects and classes can be complex in larger systems.  True
36. Disadvantage of object-oriented analysis: Somewhat newer method might be less familiar to development team members. Interaction of objects and classes can be complex in larger systems.  True
37. Disadvantages of agile methods: Team members need a high level of technical and communications skills. Lack of structure and documentation can introduce risk factors. Overall project might be subject to scope change as user requirements change.   True
38. Disadvantages of structured analysis: Changes can be costly, especially in later phases. Requirements are defined early, and can change during development. Users might not be able to describe their needs until they can see examples of features and functions.   True
39. Disadvantages of structured analysis: Changes can be costly, especially in later phases. Requirements are defined early, and can change during development. Users might not be able to describe their needs until they can see examples of features and functions.  True
40. During the _____ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), a new system is constructed.  systems implementation phase
41. Economic activity has a negligible influence on corporate information management.  False
42. Effective project reporting requires __   strong communication skills
43. Every firm has an underlying corporate culture. A corporate culture is the set of beliefs, rules, traditions, values, and attitudes that define a company and influence its way of doing business. To be successful, a systems analyst must understand the corporate culture and how it affects the way information is managed. Companies sometimes include statements about corporate culture in their mission statements. A systems analyst must understand the firm’s culture and find it comfortable. If the company encourages personal growth and empowerment, work is much more enjoyable.   True
44. Examples of company-wide applications, called legacy applications, include order processing systems, payroll systems, and company communications networks.   False
45. Feasibility analysis is an ongoing task that must be performed throughout the systems development process   true
46. Identify a method of developing systems that is well-suited to traditional project management tools and techniques.   Structured analysis
47. Identify an example of developmental costs   software purchases
48. Identify an example of direct costs.  project team members’ salaries
49. Identify an example of fixed costs.    hardware rental charges
50. If a request is feasible, it is said to be necessary   false
51. In a fixed charge method, the IT group is regarded as a _____ center, which is a department that is expected to break even or show a profit.   Profit
52. In a preliminary investigation report, the findings section includes a summary of a project request and a specific recommendation   false
53. In a report, the _____ section includes a clear description of the financial analysis techniques used.   cost and benefits
54. In a report, the findings section is used to _____.  describe the major conclusions
55. In a systems development life cycle (SDLC) model, the purpose of the _____ is to create a physical model that will satisfy all documented requirements for the system.  systems design phase
56. In a(n) _____ model, the result of each phase is called a deliverable, which flows into the next phase.  Waterfall
57. In object-oriented analysis, an object is a member of a(n) _____, which is a collection of similar objects.   Class
58. In object-oriented analysis, an object is a member of a(n) _____, which is a collection of similar objects.  Class
59. Information systems that interact with customers usually receive low priority.  False
60. It is easier to assign dollar values to intangible than to tangible benefits.  False
61. Knowledge workers include cooks, drivers, and janitors   false
62. Knowledge workers include cooks, drivers, and janitors.    False
63. Knowledge workers include systems analysts, programmers, accountants, researchers, trainers, human resource specialists, and other professionals. Knowledge workers also use business support systems, knowledge management systems, and user productivity systems. Knowledge workers provide support for an organization’s basic functions. Just as a military unit requires logistical support, a successful company needs knowledge workers to carry out its mission   true
64. Many companies implement _____ systems that integrate all customer-related events and transactions.   Customer relationship management(CRM)
65. Of the measures of feasibility, _____ assesses tangible and intangible benefits to a company in addition to costs.   economic feasibility
66. Of the measures of feasibility, _____ assesses tangible and intangible benefits to a company in addition to costs.   economic feasibility
67. Project managers always must be aware of the _____, so they can monitor the vital tasks and keep a project on track.  critical path
68. Project reporting, an activity of a project manager, _____.  includes informing management, users, and the project team about the progress of a project
69. Project scheduling, an activity of a project manager, _____.   involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
70. Projects with very general scope definitions are at risk of expanding gradually, without specific authorization, in a process called _____.   project creep
71. Strategic planning starts with a _____ that reflects a firm’s vision, purpose, and values.  mission statement
72. Structured analysis is a traditional systems development technique that uses a series of phases, called the _____, to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system.  systems development life cycle (SDLC)
73. The _____ is the most pessimistic outcome of a task.  worst-case estimate(w)
74. The _____ method of developing systems produces code that is modular and reusable   object-oriented analysis
75. The _____ value of a future dollar is the amount of money that, when invested today at a specified interest rate, grows to exactly one dollar at a certain point in the future.  present
76. The _____ value of a future dollar is the amount of money that, when invested today at a specified interest rate, grows to exactly one dollar at a certain point in the future.   present
77. The objective of a _____ is to use the combined judgement and experience of several analysts to evaluate systems projects.  computer resources committee
78. The purpose of an interview, and of the preliminary investigation itself, is to convince others that a project is justified, not to uncover facts.  False
79. The systems implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) includes an assessment, called a _____, to determine whether the system operates properly and if costs and benefits are within expectation.  systems evaluation
80. The term _____ refers to the reasons, or justifications, for a proposal.  business case
81. The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time.  Cost
82. The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time.   Cost
83. Transaction processing (TP) systems _____.   process data generated by day-to-day business operations
84. Transaction processing (TP) systems _____.  process data generated by day-to-day business operations
85. Using _____, a supplier can use radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on each crate, case, or shipping unit to create a digital shipping list.   electronic proof of delivery(EPOD)
86. Using _____, a supplier can use radio frequency identification (RFID) tags on each crate, case, or shipping unit to create a digital shipping list.   EPOD (electronic proof of delivery)
87. Using a(n) _____, a project manager can convert task start and finish times to actual dates by laying out the entire project on a calendar.  Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) chart
88. Using a(n) _____, a project manager can convert task start and finish times to actual dates by laying out the entire project on a calendar.  Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
89. what is an example of operational costs?  system maintenance evaluations
90. What is an information system prototype? Define it and list at least one advantage and one disadvantage.  A prototype is a an early working version of an information system. An advantage is a prototype often speeds up the development process. A disadvantage is that important decisions might be made too early, before business or IT issues are understood. A prototype based on careful fact-finding and modeling techniques can be extremely valuable.
91. What is the most important element when preparing for a presentation?  Practice
92. What term is used for ease of comprehension and is analyzed by measuring specific characteristics of syllables, words, and sentences?  Readability
93. When IT department costs are not charged to other departments, the information systems department is called a _____ because it generates accounting charges with no offsetting credits for IT services.  cost center
94. When planning an information system, a company must consider how a new system will interface with older systems, which are called _____.  legacy systems
95. When preparing written documents, the _____ voice, as in the sentence “The system was designed by Tom,” should be avoided.  Passive
96. When preparing written documents, which suggestion should be kept in mind?   Keep your writing concise and well-organized.
97. When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) _____ task.  Concurrent
98. Which is a suggestion for speakers to keep in mind if they are nervous when facing an audience?  turn the nervousness into an advantage
99. Which is a tool used to identify words that do not appear in a word processing program’s dictionary?  spell checker
100. Which is an example of indirect costs?  insurance expenses

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