1. _____ can involve a modeling process called what-if analysis, which allows a project manager to vary one or more element(s) in a model to measure the effect on other elements.  Quantitative risk analysis
2. _____ give team members of a project an opportunity to share information, discuss common problems, and explain new techniques.  Project status meetings
3. _____ give the project managers an opportunity to seek input and conduct brainstorming sessions.  Project status meetings
4. _____ is a full-featured program that holds the dominant share of the project management software market.  Microsoft Project
5. _____ lists each risk and assesses the likelihood that it could affect a project.  Risk identification
6. _____, a free cloud-based project management tool, runs in a browser window, so there is no software to install to use it.   Gantter
7. _____, a human resource issue, is a possible cause of cost overruns in an organization.   Inadequate training
8. A _____ cannot be started until a previous task is completed.   dependent task
9. A _____ chart displays complex task patterns and relationships.   Program Evaluation Review Technique
10. A _____ consists of horizontal bars, connected with arrows that indicate task dependencies.  Gantt chart
11. A _____ displays the same information as the Gantt chart, including task dependencies, but uses task boxes to include much more detail.  network diagram
12. A _____ includes a review of a project’s scope, stakeholders, budget, schedule, and any other internal or external factors that might affect the project.   risk management plan
13. A _____ involves breaking a project down into a series of smaller tasks.  work breakdown structure (WBS)
14. A _____ is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it.   risk response plan
15. A _____ is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it.  risk response plan
16. A _____ is a review of a project team member’s work by other members of a team.  structured walk-through
17. A _____ is a sequence of tasks that has no slack time.  critical path
18. A _____ might involve maximums for one or more resources, such as time, dollars, or people.  constraint
19. A _____ represents the work that one person can complete in one day.  person-day
20. A continuous risk-tracking process can _____.   notice changes in existing risks
21. A Gantt chart can simplify a complex project by combining several activities into a task _____ that contains subsidiary tasks.  Group
22. A project _____ negotiates with users who might have conflicting requirements or want changes that would require additional time or expense.  Coordinator
23. A project manager should never develop time and cost estimates based on the resources used for previously developed information systems.  False 
24. A project schedule will not be accurate if the underlying task pattern is incorrect.   True
25. A risk response plan is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it.   True
26. A(n) _____ is a condition, restriction, or requirement that the system must satisfy.  Constraint
27. A(n) _____ is a recognizable reference point that can be used to monitor progress.  Event
28. A(n) _____ is a series of tasks that, if delayed, would affect the completion date of the overall project. critical path
29. A(n) _____ is an event that could affect a project negatively.  Risk
30. Adding more people to a project actually might increase the time necessary to complete the project because of a principle called _____.  Brooks’ law
31. Critical time is the amount of time that the task could be late without pushing back the completion date of the entire project.  False
32. Effective project reporting requires _____.   strong communication skills
33. Frederick Brooks, Jr. observed that adding manpower to a late software project makes completion faster.   False
34. Gantt charts are more useful for scheduling, monitoring, and controlling the actual work than PERT charts.  False 
35. GanttProject is a free open-source Java-based project management tool that is available on multiple platforms.   True
36. Generally, systems analysts review the work of other systems analysts, and programmers review the work of other programmers, as a form of peer review, in structured walk-throughs.   True
37. Henry L. Gantt developed Gantt charts almost 100 years ago.  True
38. If any task along a critical path falls behind schedule, the entire project will be delayed.  True
39. If team members lack experience with certain aspects of the required technology, temporary help might be obtained from IT consultants or part-time staff.   True
40. If the project manager fails to plan, staff, organize, supervise, communicate, motivate, evaluate, direct, and control properly, then the project is certain to fail.   True
41. In a Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) chart, each rectangular box, called a task box, has five sections that contain important information about a task.   True
42. In addition to tasks, every project has events, or milestones.  True
43. In most systems analysis tasks, time and people are interchangeable.  False
44. Often, two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, which is called a _____.  predecessor task
45. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) and Gantt charts are mutually exclusive techniques.   False
46. Progress reports may be given verbally to immediate supervisors, management, and users.  False
47. Project managers always must be aware of the _____, so they can monitor the vital tasks and keep a project on track.  critical path
48. Project monitoring, an activity of a project manager, _____.   requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating a project team’s workload
49. Project planning, an activity of a project manager, _____.   includes identifying project tasks and estimating completion times and costs
50. Project reporting, an activity of a project manager, _____.   includes informing management, users, and the project team about the progress of a project
51. Project scheduling, an activity of a project manager, _____.   involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
52. Qualitative risk analysis can involve a modeling process called what-if analysis, which allows a project manager to vary one or more element(s) in a model to measure the effect on other elements.    False
53. Quantitative risk analysis evaluates each risk by estimating the probability that it will occur and the degree of impact.   False
54. Scheduling involves selecting and staffing the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members.   True
55. System developers can initiate a formal project as early as the preliminary investigation stage, or later on, as analysis, design, and implementation activities occur.   True
56. Tasks are basic units of work that the project manager plans, schedules, and monitors.  True
57. The _____ is the most pessimistic outcome of a task.   worst-case estimate (W)
58. The first step in creating a work breakdown structure (WBS) is to _____.  list all tasks
59. The first step in the creation of a Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) chart is to _____.  identify all the project tasks
60. The prior experience method to make time and cost estimates works best for large projects.  False
61. The purpose of quantitative risk analysis is to understand the actual impact in terms of dollars, time, project scope, or quality.  True
62. The task duration is the same as the elapsed time.  False 
63. The task name should be unique in the project.   False
64. The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time.    cost
65. The three legs of the project triangle are management, staff, and clients.   False 
66. Two or more _____ depend on a predecessor task.   concurrent tasks
67. Using a work breakdown structure (WBS) allows one to manage a project as one large task.  False
68. Using a(n) _____, a project manager can convert task start and finish times to actual dates by laying out the entire project on a calendar.  Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) chart
69. Weight is an importance value that is added to each duration estimate.  True
70. When a project manager first recognizes that a project is in trouble, one of the options available to the manager is _____.   delaying the project deadline
71. When maintaining schedules, if enough _____ and frequent checkpoints exist, problems will be detected rapidly.   Milestones
72. When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) _____ task.   Concurrent
73. When tasks must be completed one after another, they are called concurrent tasks.   False
74. When two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, each of the concurrent tasks is called a(n) _____.   successor task

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