1. A CEO of a company wants to find a new and improved way to manage and extract business insights from large amounts of web- and sensor-generated data. Which of the following could they use to achieve this goal?    Big data
2. A composite entity is also referred to as a _____ entity.  Bridge
3. A derived attribute is an attribute whose value is calculated (derived) from other attributes. What is not an advantage of storing derived attributes in the database?  Uses CPU processing cycles
4. A relationship degree indicates the number of entities or participants associated with a relationship. Which is not a valid relationship that’s specifically named?   Quarterly relationship
5. Dr. Codd published a list of 12 relational database rules in 1985; which of the following is not a valid rule?    Any database view that is theoretically updatable must be updated outside of the database structure.
6. In an entity relational model (ERD), what is each row in a table known as?   An entity occurrence
7. In an entity relational model (ERD), what is each row in a table known as?   An entity occurance
8. In an entity relationship model (ERM), attributes are characteristics of entities. Which of the following statements best describe an optional attribute?   An optional attribute is an attribute that does not require a value and can be left empty.
9. The proper use of foreign keys _____ data redundancies and the chances that destructive data anomalies will develop.    Minimizes
10. What are the components of database systems?   Hardware, software, people, procedures, data
11. What element expresses the specific number of entity occurrences associated with an occurrence of a related entity?   Cardinality
12. What is the result of redundant data in the database?   Data anomalies that lead to data inconsistencies
13. What type of attribute allows for no more than one value?   Single-valued attribute
14. What type of entity can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity?   Existence-dependent
15. When working with entity relationship models (ERM), which of the following is not a valid statement regarding an entity?   An entity is an object of interest to the end designer.
16. Which of the following best describes an index?  An index is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.
17. Which of the following entity relationship (ER) connectivity statements is invalid?   A CUSTOMER gender is MALE or FEMALE
18. Which of the following is a disadvantage of various database models?   System complexity
19. Which of the following is a disadvantage of various database models?   System complexity
20. Which of the following is a fundamental data modeling component, helping ensure data integrity?   Constraint
21. Which of the following is a fundamental data modeling component, helping ensure data integrity?    Constraint
22. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of DBMS?   Data integration
23. Which of the following is not a function of a DBMS?   User management
24. Which of the following is not a legitimate DB key in a relational model?   Entity key
25. Which of the following is not a valid business rule?   An invoice must be paid in a reasonable amount of time.
26. Which of the following is not a valid business rule?   An invoice must be paid in a reasonable amount of time.
27. Which of the following is not a valid characteristic of a relational table?   All values in a column may have different data formats.
28. Which of the following is not a valid component of object-oriented data models?  Volume
29. Which of the following is not a valid relational set operator?   ADD operator
30. Which of the following is not a valid statement?    Production databases focus primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making.
31. Which of the following is not a valid statement?    Raw data is the collection of processed knowledge.
32. Which of the following is not an advantage of a DBMS?  Complexity
33. Which of the following lists problems with file system data processing?    Development complexity, administration complexity, and lack of security
34. Which of the following statements best defines a data dictionary?   The data dictionary provides a detailed description of all tables in the database created by the user and designer.
35. Which of the following statements best defines a record?   A record is a set of logically connected fields
36. Which of the following statements best defines the purpose of entity integrity?   It guarantees each entity has a unique value for the primary key and that there are no null key values.
37. Which of the following statements best describes a functional dependency?    The value of one or more attributes determines the value of one or more other attributes.
38. Which of the following statements is true?   A DBMS is a set of processes that manage and control access to data stored in the database.
39. Which of the following technologies is not used in Big Data?   SQL
40. Which of the following two-dimensional structures is known as a relation?   Table
41. Why is identifying and documenting business rules essential to database design?   It helps to standardize the company’s view of data.

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