1. _ minimizes the number of disk reads necessary to retrieve a row of data.  Row-centric storage
2. __ can render data useless to unauthorized users who might have violated some of the database security layers    Data encryption
3. A _____ entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship.   Weak
4. A derived attribute is ___   an attribute whose value is calculated from other attributes
5. A multivalued attribute is _____.     an attribute that can have many values.
6. A single-valued attribute _____.    may be a composite attribute because it can be subdivided into several parts.
   is not necessarily a simple attribute.
   is an attribute that can have only a single value.
   All the above
7. A(n) _____ specifically reserves access to the transaction that locked the object   exclusive lock
8. Advanced OLAP feature become more useful when access to them is kept simple.  True
9. An atomic attribute _____.   cannot be further subdivided
10. An operational database is sometimes referred to as an enterprise database   False
11. Automatic query optimization means that the:   DBMS finds the most cost-effective access path without user intervention. 
12. Building an ERD involves the following activities except   Identifying all entities and relationships from the business rules.
13. business rules are   their relationships are bidirectional
14. Business rules set the stage for the proper   identification of entities, attributes, relationships and constraints
15. Centralized design is _____.   suitable in a top-down approach when the problem domain is relatively small, as in a single unit or department in an organization
16. Each row in the relational table is known as an   entity occurrence
17. Flume is a tool for converting data back and forth between a relational database and the HDFS.  False
18. Fully equivalent means that the optimized query results are always the same as the original query   True
19. Identify the three steps of physical design.   Storage, Security, Performance
20. In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable.   Keys
21. In the single-site processing, single-site data (SPSD) scenario, all processing must be done on the end user’s side of the system.  False
22. Inherent problems of M:N relationships cannot be avoided by creating?   Transient entity
23. MySQL allows multiple triggering conditions per trigger.  False
24. The _____ component of a CASE tool produces the information system’s input/output formats   screen painter and report generator
25. The database contents might be loaded interactively or in batch mode using a variety of methods and devices including customized user programs.   True
26. The feasibility study must address all of the following except ___   the company situation
27. The primary objective in creating database design is to _____.    create complete, normalized, nonredundant, and fully integrated conceptual, logical, and physical database models
28. The reliance on _____ as the design methodology for relational databases is seen as a stumbling block to its use in OLAP systems.  Normalization
29. The scheduler establishes the order in which the operations within concurrent transactions are executed.  True
30. The storage locations for multiple backups must include sites inside and outside the organization.  True
31.  transparency exists when the end user or programmer must specify the database fragment names but does not need to specify where these fragments are located.   Location
32. What are the components of database systems?  Hardware, software, people, procedures, data
33. What are the System Development Life Cycle phases?    Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Maintenance
34. What does Big Data refer to   A movement to find new and better ways to manage large amounts of web- and sensor-generated data and derive business insight from it, while simultaneously providing high performance and scalability at a reasonable cost.
35. What is the most important advantage of relational database management systems?   The ability to hide the complexities of the relational model from the user.
36. What is the result of redundant data in the database?   Data anomalies that lead to data inconsistency
37. Which of the following is a fundamental component of data modeling   Constraint
38. Which of the following is a rare occurrence of a relationship degree?     Four-degree relationship
39. Which of the following is a specialization hierarchy overlapping constraint scenario in case of partial completeness?   Supertype has optional subtypes.
40. Which of the following is a valid business rule?   An invoice may have many items.
    A customer may generate many invoices.
    A customer must reside in USA.
    All of the above!!!!!!!
41. Which of the following is an advantage of DBMS   Data consistency
    Data security
    Data retrieval
    ALL of these!!
42. Which of the following is known as a relation?   Table
43. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a relational table?  All values in a column may have different data format.
44. Which of the following is not a desirable characteristic of a primary key?   Intelligent
45. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of database systems?   Infrequent upgrades
46. Which of the following is not a function of DBMS?   Performance tuning
47. Which of the following is not a true statement about entities?   An entity is an object of interest to the end designer
48. Which of the following is not a true statement?     The real test of redundancy is how many copies of a given attribute are stored
49. Which of the following is not a true statement?   A database that is designed primarily to support a company’s day-to-day operations is classified as an analytical database.
50. Which of the following is not a true statement?   Data is the foundation of facts, which is the bedrock of information and knowledge
51. Which of the following is not a valid Codd’s Relational Database rule?   Any view is theoretically updatable
52. Which of the following is not a valid component of the Object-Oriented Data Model?   Relation
53. Which of the following is not a valid connectivity statement?     A CUSTOMER gender is MALE or FEMALE
54. Which of the following is not a valid key term in a relational model?   Integrity key
55. Which of the following is not a valid relational set operator?   ADD operator
56. Which of the following is not used for Big Data technology?  SQL
57. Which of the following is true of a web application server?  provides security and authentication of users through user IDs and passwords.
58. Which of the following is true of business rules?   They can serve as a communication tool between the users and designers
59. Which of the following lists problems with file system data processing?      Development complexity, administration complexity, and lack of security
60. Which of the following statements best defines a record?   A record is a set of related fields.
61. Which of the following statements best defines a recursive entity?   A recursive relationship is one in which a relationship can exist between occurrences of the same entity set
62. Which of the following statements best defines an index?  An index is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.
63. Which of the following statements best defines cardinality?   Cardinality expresses the minimum and maximum number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity.
64. Which of the following statements best defines data dictionary   The data dictionary provides a detailed description of all tables in the database created by the user and designer.
65. Which of the following statements best defines entity integrity purpose?   Each row will have a unique identity, and foreign key values can properly reference primary key values.
66. Which of the following statements best defines functional dependence?   The value of one or more attributes determines the value of one or more other attributes.
67. Which of the following statements best defines optional attribute?    An optional attribute is an attribute that does not require a value and can be left empty
68. Which of the following statements best defines surrogate keys?   A surrogate key is a system-assigned primary key, generally numeric and auto-incremented.
69. Which of the following statements describes fan traps in ERD design    A fan trap occurs when there is one entity in two 1:M relationships to other entities.
70. Which of the following statements describes specialization and generalization?    Specialization is the top-down process of identifying lower-level, more specific entity subtypes from a higher-level entity supertype. Generalization is the bottom-up process of identifying a higher-level, more generic entity supertype from lower-level entity subtypes.
71. Which of the following statements does not describe entity clustering?   An entity cluster is a permanent entity used to represent multiple entities and relationships, with the purpose of simplifying the ERD and thus enhancing its readability.
72. Which of the following statements is not true about entity supertypes and subtypes   The entity subtypes contain common characteristics.
73. Which of the following statements is true about completeness constraint?   The completeness constraint specifies whether each entity supertype occurrence must also be a member of at least one subtype.
74. Which of the following statements is true about inheritance?   Inheriting the relationships of their supertypes means that subtypes cannot have relationships of their own.
75. Which of the following statements is true?   DBMS is a set of processes that manages and control access to data stored in the database.
76. Which query is used to list a unique value for V_CODE, where the list will produce only a list of those values that are different from one another?   SELECT ONLY V_CODE
    FROM PRODUCT;
77. Which statement describes a feature of Oracle sequences  Dropping a sequence does not delete values assigned to table attributes; it deletes only the sequence object from the database
78. Why is identifying and documenting business rules essential to database design?   It helps to standardize the company’s view of data

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