1. ​​​Flume is a tool for converting data back and forth between a relational database and the HDFS.   False
2. ​______ minimizes the number of disk reads necessary to retrieve a row of data.  ​Row-centric storage
3. ​A(n) ______ is a process or set of operations in a calculation.  Algorithm
4. ​Scaling out is keeping the same number of systems, but migrating each system to a larger one.  False
5. ​When using MapReduce, a _______ function takes a collection and data and sorts and filters it into a set of key-value pairs.  Map
6. ______ focuses on filtering data as it enters the system to determine which data to keep and which to discard.​        ​Stream processing
7. ______ is a tool for converting data back and forth between a relational database and the HDFS.  Sqoop
8. ______ is keeping the same number of systems, but migrating each system to a larger system.  Scaling up
9. ______ is NOT one of the “3 Vs” of Big Data.   Validation
10. ______ processing occurs when a program runs from beginning to end without any user interaction.  Batch
11. ______ was the first SQL on Hadoop application.   Impala
12. A ______ is a programmed function within an object used to manipulate the data in that same object.  Method
13. A block report is used to let the name node know that the data mode is still available.  False
14. A column family database is a NoSQL database model that organizes data in key-value pairs with keys mapped to a set of columns in the value component.   True
15. A query in a graph database is called a ______.  Traversal
16. A reduce function takes a collection of key-value pairs with the same key value and summarizes them into a single result.  True
17. A(n) ______ is a tag that is used to associate a collection of nodes as being of the same type or belonging to the same group.  Label
18. Big Data ______.   captures data in whatever format it naturally exists
19. Big Data processing imposes a structure on the data as needed for applications as a part of retrieval and processing.  True
20. By default, Hadoop uses a replication factor of ______.  Three
21. Characteristics that are important in working with data in the relational database model also apply to Big Data.   True
22. Data collected or aggregated around a central topic or entity is said to be ______ aware.   Aggregate
23. Document databases group documents into logical groups called ______.  Collections
24. For a data set to be considered Big Data, it must display only one of the 3 Vs (volume, velocity and variety).   False
25. Graph theory is a mathematical and computer science field that models relationships, or edges, between objects called ______.   Nodes
26. Hadoop is a database that has become the de facto standard for most Big Data storage and processing.  True
27. Hive is a good choice for jobs that require a small subset of data to be returned very quickly.​  False
28. In many ways, the issues associated with volume and velocity are the same.​  True
29. In MongoDB, ______ method retrieves objects from a collection that match the restrictions provided.  find()
30. In MongoDB, the ______ method is used to improve the readability of retrieved documents through the use of line breaks and indention.  pretty()
31. In the context of Big Data, ______ refers to the trustworthiness of a set of data.  Veracity
32. In the context of Big Data, ______ relates to changes in meaning.  Variability
33. Interest in graph databases can be tied to the area of social networks.​  True
34. Key-value and document databases are structurally similar.  True
35. Lack of specificity is what leads to ambiguity in defining Big Data.                True
36. Modeling and storing data about relationships is the focus of ______ databases.   Graph
37. Most NoSQL products run only in a Linux or Unix environment.  True
38. Neo4j is a ______ database.   Graph
39. Relational databases rely on unstructured data.  False
40. The ability to graphically present data in a way that makes it understandable is the concept of value.                False
41. The analysis of data to produce actionable results is feedback loop processing   True
42. The name, MongoDB, comes from the word humongous as its developers intended their new product to support extremely large data sets.  True
43. To query the value component of the pair when using a key-value database, use get or ______.  Fetch
44. Two of the most popular applications to simplify the process of creating MapReduce jobs are Hive and ______.   Pig
45. Under the HDFS system, using a write-one, ready-many model simplifies concurrency issues.   True
46. When using a HDFS, a heartbeat is sent every ______ to notify the name node that the data mode is still available.  3 seconds
47. When using a HDFS, the ______ node creates new files by communicating with the ______ node.  client; name
48. When using MapReduce, best practices suggest that the number of mappers on a given node should be ______.  100 or less
49. Which of the following is NOT a key assumption of the Hadoop Distributed File System?  Write many, read-once
50. Which of the following is NOT one of the standard NoSQL categories?  Chart databases

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