1. A CEO of a company wants to find a new and improved way to manage and extract business insights from large amounts of web- and sensor-generated data. Which of the following could they use to achieve this goal?  Big data
2. A composite entity is also referred to as a _____ entity.  Bridge
3. A derived attribute is an attribute whose value is calculated (derived) from other attributes. What is not an advantage of storing derived attributes in the database?  Uses CPU processing cycles
4. A relationship degree indicates the number of entities or participants associated with a relationship. Which is not a valid relationship that’s specifically named?  Quarterly relationship
5. Database designers must often compromise design due to conflicting goals. What are examples of contradictory goals in database design?  Design standards, processing speed, and information requirements
6. Dr. Codd published a list of 12 relational database rules in 1985; which of the following is not a valid rule?  Any database view that is theoretically updatable must be updated outside of the database structure.
7. Identify the statement that best defines time-variant data.  Time-variant data refers to data that changes over time; its history of data changes must be maintained.
8. In an entity relational model (ERD), what is each row in a table known as?  An entity occurrence
9. In an entity relationship model (ERM), attributes are characteristics of entities. Which of the following statements best describe an optional attribute?  An optional attribute is an attribute that does not require a value and can be left empty.
10. In an extended entity relationship, which of the following statements is not valid about inheritance?  Inheriting the relationships of their supertypes means subtypes cannot have relationships of their own.
11. In the extended entity-relationship model (EERM), which of the following statements best describes the completeness constraint?  The completeness constraint specifies whether each entity supertype occurrence must also be a member of at least one subtype.
12. The CUSTOMER entity includes the attributes CUST_LNAME, CUST_FNAME, CUST_PHONE, and CUST_PHONE_TYPE. The CUST_PHONE_TYPE attribute stores the string “HOME, WORK, MOBILE, OTHER”. Which term best describes CUST_PHONE_TYPE?   Multivalued attribute
13. The primary key is possibly the most essential characteristic of an entity; which of the following is not a desirable characteristic of a primary key?  Intelligent
14. The proper use of foreign keys _____ data redundancies and the chances that destructive data anomalies will develop.  Minimizes
15. What are the components of database systems?  Hardware, software, people, procedures, data
16. What element expresses the specific number of entity occurrences associated with an occurrence of a related entity?  Cardinality
17. What is the result of redundant data in the database?   Data anomalies that lead to data inconsistencies
18. What primary key is created by the database designer to simplify the identification of entity instances?  A surrogate key
19. What type of attribute allows for no more than one value?  Single-valued attribute
20. What type of entity can exist in the database only when it is associated with another related entity?  Existence-dependent
21. When looking into the extended entity relationship model (EERM), which of the following statements is not valid about entity supertypes and subtypes?  The entity subtype contains common characteristics.
22. When working with entity relationship models (ERM), which of the following is not a valid statement regarding an entity?  An entity is an object of interest to the end designer.
23. Which of the following best describes an index? An index is an orderly arrangement used to logically access rows in a table.
24. Which of the following entity relationship (ER) connectivity statements is invalid?  A CUSTOMER gender is MALE or FEMALE
25. Which of the following is a disadvantage of various database models?  System complexity
26. Which of the following is a fundamental data modeling component, helping ensure data integrity?  Constraint
27. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of DBMS?  Data integration
28. Which of the following is not a function of a DBMS?  User management
29. Which of the following is not a legitimate DB key in a relational model?  Entity key
30. Which of the following is not a valid business rule?   An invoice must be paid in a reasonable amount of time.
31. Which of the following is not a valid characteristic of a relational table?  All values in a column may have different data formats.
32. Which of the following is not a valid component of object-oriented data models?  Volume
33. Which of the following is not a valid relational set operator?  ADD operator
34. Which of the following is not a valid statement?  Production databases focus primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making.
35. Which of the following is not a valid statement?  Raw data is the collection of processed knowledge.
36. Which of the following is not an advantage of a DBMS?  Complexity
37. Which of the following lists problems with file system data processing?  Development complexity, administration complexity, and lack of security
38. Which of the following statements best defines a data dictionary?  The data dictionary provides a detailed description of all tables in the database created by the user and designer.
39. Which of the following statements best defines a record?  A record is a set of logically connected fields
40. Which of the following statements best defines the purpose of entity integrity?   It guarantees each entity has a unique value for the primary key and that there are no null key values.
41. Which of the following statements best describes a functional dependency?  The value of one or more attributes determines the value of one or more other attributes.
42. Which of the following statements best describes the essential characteristic of an entity’s primary key?  The main function of the primary key is to guarantee entity integrity, not to “describe” the entity.
43. Which of the following statements describe a fan trap in ERD design?  A fan trap occurs when there is one entity in two 1:M relationships to other entities.
44. Which of the following statements is not valid when describing entity clustering?  An entity cluster is a permanent entity used to represent multiple entities and relationships, intended to simplify the ERD, and thus enhance its readability.
45. Which of the following statements is true?   A DBMS is a set of processes that manage and control access to data stored in the database.
46. Which of the following technologies is not used in Big Data?  SQL
47. Which of the following two-dimensional structures is known as a relation?  Table
48. Which statement from the following describes specialization and generalization?  Specialization is the top-down process of identifying lower-level, more specific entity subtypes from a higher-level entity supertype. Generalization is the bottom-up process of identifying a higher-level, more generic entity supertype from lower-level entity subtypes.
49. Why is identifying and documenting business rules essential to database design?  It helps to standardize the company’s view of data.

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