1.The charts in parts (a), (b), and (c) each show 2019 and 2020 quarter 1 sales for nine popular midsize sedans. These charts are included in worksheets of the same names (a, b, and c) in the file q1saleschart. Determine whether hue, saturation, or luminance is used to differentiate the Honda Accord from the other eight models in each chart.
2. Four design artists (Frances Bittinger, Dorian Martin, Bill Zander, and Mariana Knoop) of a regional marketing research firm’s graphic arts department have each designed a chart for use in a presentation to a team of Happy Lawn landscaping service executives, two of whom are colorblind. Each has designed a heat map showing the relative percentage change in the number of customers using various lawn care services over the past year in several Midwestern states: Illinois (IL), Indiana (IN), Michigan (MI), Minnesota (MN), Ohio (OH), and Wisconsin (WI).
3. The most widely grown lawn turf grasses in the southeastern United States are warm-season grasses: bahiagrass, bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysia. Dana Tanner, crew chief with Holiday Grass lawn care service in Birmingham, Alabama, is now planning her resource needs for the upcoming summer. Each of these grasses has different fertilizer and direct sunlight needs, drought and heat tolerance, growth rate, and disease and weed resistance. Therefore, it is important that Ms. Tanner understand the number of lawns of each grass in her district when planning her resource needs for the upcoming summer. To develop a better understanding of the number of lawns of each grass in her district, she observes and records the type of lawn for a random sample of 500 homes in her district, and she summarizes her results in the following chart.
4. Identify whether a categorical color scheme, a sequential color scheme, or a diverging color scheme should be applied in each of the following examples. In each instance, explain why this is the appropriate color scheme.
(a)You have been given the following data on a popular regional product’s unit sales and net profit for several markets.
| City | Sales (units) | Net Profit |
|---|---|---|
| Amarillo | 99,299 | $122,619 |
| Ft. Worth | 112,219 | −$132,762 |
| El Paso | 117,893 | $169,500 |
| Dallas | 139,486 | −$136,332 |
| Houston | 143,721 | $63,646 |
| San Antonio | 157,241 | $115,632 |
| Austin | 175,555 | $80,707 |
From these data, you have created the following bar chart to show the number of units sold by market. You now want to add the information on net profit to the bars on this chart to show the profit or loss earned in each market.
Identify whether a categorical color scheme, a sequential color scheme, or a diverging color scheme should be applied. Explain why this is the appropriate color scheme.
1. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
2. A diverging color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has a meaningul reference value we are interested in.
3. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
4. A categorical color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and the values indicate group or category membership.
A: ( ii )
(b)You have been given the following data on mean daily high temperature for a city and the number of cups of hot chocolate a chain of coffee shops sold in that city by month.
| Month | Mean Daily High Temperature in Fahrenheit | Unit Sales |
|---|---|---|
| Jan | 27 | 144,908 |
| Feb | 32 | 120,032 |
| Mar | 43 | 103,917 |
| Apr | 50 | 90,866 |
| May | 62 | 60,110 |
| Jun | 74 | 36,357 |
| Jul | 83 | 16,002 |
| Aug | 77 | 29,445 |
| Sep | 62 | 63,523 |
| Oct | 53 | 81,847 |
| Nov | 40 | 112,818 |
| Dec | 33 | 130,423 |
From these data, you have created the following column chart to show the mean daily high temperature by month for this city. You now want to add the information to this chart to show the number of cups of hot chocolate that were sold each month.
Mean Daily High Temperature by Month
Identify whether a categorical color scheme, a sequential color scheme, or a diverging color scheme should be applied. Explain why this is the appropriate color scheme.
1. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
2. A diverging color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has a meaningul reference value we are interested in.
3. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
4. A categorical color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and the values indicate group or category membership.
A: ( i )
(c) You want to add information on the continent of the nation in which headquarters for the top 50 companies in an industry are located to the following column chart that shows the number of these headquarters by nation.
Number of Top 50 Firm Headquarters by Nation
Identify whether a categorical color scheme, a sequential color scheme, or a diverging color scheme should be applied. Explain why this is the appropriate color scheme.
1. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
2. A diverging color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has a meaningul reference value we are interested in.
3. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
4. A categorical color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and the values indicate group or category membership.
A: ( iv )
(d) You have been asked by a real estate agent to use the following data to create a chart that provides insight into the nature of the relationship between the sales price and number of days on the market for homes she has recently sold.
| Sales Price ($) | Days on the Market | Neighborhood |
|---|---|---|
| $247,412 | 58 | East Highland |
| $249,787 | 60 | Sebastian |
| $194,955 | 34 | Hargrove Hills |
| $173,612 | 55 | Hargrove Hills |
| $171,299 | 55 | Sebastian |
| $281,197 | 62 | Sebastian |
| $264,477 | 25 | Hargrove Hills |
| $264,838 | 50 | East Highland |
| $261,819 | 30 | East Highland |
| $293,953 | 42 | East Highland |
| $296,002 | 32 | East Highland |
| $167,136 | 38 | Hargrove Hills |
| $334,063 | 33 | Hargrove Hills |
| $332,340 | 32 | Manafort Falls |
| $264,066 | 47 | Manafort Falls |
| $255,070 | 55 | Manafort Falls |
| $185,572 | 29 | East Highland |
| $314,198 | 31 | East Highland |
| $256,183 | 42 | Manafort Falls |
| $230,741 | 63 | Sebastian |
| $274,552 | 38 | Manafort Falls |
| $262,332 | 45 | Manafort Falls |
| $219,969 | 39 | Hargrove Hills |
| $253,708 | 41 | East Highland |
| $245,114 | 55 | Sebastian |
| $296,920 | 49 | Manafort Falls |
| $295,866 | 25 | Hargrove Hills |
| $270,353 | 59 | Manafort Falls |
| $202,422 | 55 | Sebastian |
| $214,206 | 53 | East Highland |
You have created the following scatter chart. The real estate agent has asked you to add the information on the neighborhood in which each of these homes is located to the scatter chart you have created.
Relationship Between Days on the Market and Sales Price for Homes
Identify whether a categorical color scheme, a sequential color scheme, or a diverging color scheme should be applied. Explain why this is the appropriate color scheme.
1. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
2. A diverging color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has a meaningul reference value we are interested in.
3. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
4. A categorical color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and the values indicate group or category membership.
A: ( iv )
(e) You have been given the following data on monthly change in the number of subscribers to several online publications devoted to popular hobbies. You have now been asked to add color to this display to indicate whether the number of subscribers is increasing or decreasing each month.
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sporting Goods | 0.9% | −0.7% | −0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.5% | −0.3% | 1.6% | 1.2% | 0.3% | −0.8% | 0.9% |
| Philatelist Quarterly | 0.5% | 0.1% | 0.3% | −0.1% | 0.5% | 0.5% | −0.9% | −0.1% | 0.1% | −0.4% | −1.2% | 0.3% |
| American Spelunker | 0.2% | −1.6% | 0.6% | 1.6% | −1.4% | 0.0% | −0.1% | 0.6% | −1.3% | −1.2% | −0.8% | 0.4% |
| Home Cooks | 0.5% | −0.9% | 0.2% | 1.2% | 0.8% | −0.3% | 1.2% | 0.5% | 0.6% | −1.4% | −0.6% | 0.3% |
| Classic Literature Digest | 0.5% | 0.2% | −0.1% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 0.4% | 1.2% | 0.0% | −0.7% | −1.4% | −0.1% | 1.4% |
| Numismatics Magazine | −0.1% | 0.0% | 0.5% | 0.4% | 0.0% | 1.0% | −0.7% | 1.4% | 0.1% | 1.2% | 1.3% | 1.4% |
| Gardening World | 0.7% | −0.5% | 0.5% | −1.8% | 1.5% | −0.6% | 0.8% | −1.2% | 0.9% | 1.6% | 0.9% | 1.0% |
| Knitting News | 1.1% | 1.2% | −1.0% | −1.2% | −0.3% | 1.5% | −0.3% | 0.6% | −0.2% | −0.5% | 1.2% | 1.1% |
| Online Gamer | 1.1% | 1.2% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 1.8% | 1.1% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 1.0% | 1.4% | 2.1% |
| Popular Photographer | −0.6% | 0.3% | −0.9% | 0.1% | 0.8% | 1.4% | −0.1% | −1.0% | −0.4% | −0.7% | 0.7% | 0.8% |
Identify whether a categorical color scheme, a sequential color scheme, or a diverging color scheme should be applied. Explain why this is the appropriate color scheme.
1. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
2. A diverging color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is quantitative and has a meaningul reference value we are interested in.
3. A sequential color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and has an inherent ascending or descending order we are interested in.
4. A categorical color scheme should be applied as the variable we wish to apply our color scheme to is categorical and the values indicate group or category membership.
A: ( ii )
5. For each of the following statements, indicate whether hue, saturation, or luminance is being described.
6. According to USA Today, the headquarters of over one-third of all Fortune 500 (F500) companies are located in one of six U.S. metropolitan areas: Chicago, Dallas-Ft. Worth, Houston, Minneapolis-St. Paul, New York, and San Francisco. The following chart displays the number of F500 headquarters for each of these metropolitan areas.
7. Parts a, b, c, d, e, and f each display a pair of colored rectangles. The colors of the rectangles in each of these pairs differ on a single characteristic of color (hue, saturation, or luminance). Determine whether each pair of colors differs on hue, saturation, or luminance, and explain your answer.
