1. According to David McClelland, the desire to control one’s environment, including financial, material, informational, and human resources, is referred to as a need for
A. power.
2. Desired behavior that is reinforced after a specified number of correct responses is on which type of reinforcement schedule?
A. Fixed-ratio
3. For various reasons, Anne is unable to move ahead into a higher position at work. According to ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne?
A. Relatedness
4. Which of the following is NOT a message offered to managers by equity theory?
A. Managers must base their decisions on the reality of conditions rather than perception.
5. Which of the following is NOT an example of an input, according to the equity theory?
A. Recognition
6. Equity is achieved when an individual perceives that he or she is being treated fairly in relation to others.
A. True
7. The human relations approach to motivation includes all of the following assumptions EXCEPT:
A. Employees are motivated only by money.
8. An individual’s perception of the probability that performance will lead to certain outcomes is known as
A. performance-to-outcome expectancy.
9. Which of the following statements about the need for affiliation is NOT true?
A. Individuals with a high need for affiliation are usually not concerned about the feelings of others but tend to focus more on their own feelings.
10. Gloria has recently been laid off and needs to earn money to pay her rent and buy school supplies for her child. Even though she feels uncomfortable cleaning up after strangers, she takes a job as a room cleaner at a local hotel. Gloria’s example illustrates the idea that motivation begins with a
A. need deficiency.
11. Which core job dimension refers to the degree to which a job affects the lives or work of other people, both in the immediate organization and in the external environment, according to the job characteristics theory?
A. Task significance
12. In order for goals that are difficult to attain to motivate behavior, they must be set at realistic levels.
A. True
13. Companies use job rotation as a technique to increase worker efficiency.
A. False
14. Unlimited use of a company jet, yacht, or vacation home is considered
A. a perquisite.
15. Which of the following statements describes variable work schedules?
A. Employees have a say in critical decisions in the organization when they have variable work schedules.
16. Job characteristics theory presumes that the five core job dimensions can trigger which critical psychological states?
A. Experienced meaningfulness of the work
17. Telecommuting is an example of an organization using
A. alternative workplaces.
18. According to the job characteristics theory, the degree to which the job activities provide information about the effectiveness of performance is called
A. feedback.
19. The purpose of reward systems in most organizations is to attract, retain, and motivate qualified employees.
A. True
20. An organization’s compensation structure should be
A. equitable and consistent.