BAN6933 QUIZ ANSWERS

  1. For a one-tailed hypothesis test (upper tail), the p-value is computed to be .034. If the test is being conducted at the 5% level of significance, the null hypothesis
a. is not rejected.
b. could be rejected or not rejected depending on the sample size.
c. could be rejected or not rejected depending on the sample mean.
d. is rejected.

2. If the cost of making a Type I error is high, a smaller value should be chosen for the

a. confidence coefficient.
b. level of significance.
c. critical value.
d. test statistic.

3. Read the z statistic from the normal distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a one-tailed test (upper tail) at α = .0630, z =

a. 1.645.
b. 1.50.
c. 1.53.
d. 1.96

4. For a one-tailed hypothesis test (upper tail), the p-value is computed to be .034. If the test is being conducted at the 5% level of significance, the null hypothesis

a. is rejected.
b. could be rejected or not rejected depending on the sample size.
c. could be rejected or not rejected depending on the sample mean.
d. is not rejected.

5. A school’s newspaper reported that the proportion of students majoring in business is at least 30%. You plan on taking a sample to test the newspaper’s claim. The correct set of hypotheses is

a. H0: p ≤ .30    Ha: p > .30.
b. H0: p > .30    Ha: p ≤ .30.
c. H0: p < .30    Ha: p ≥ .30.
d. H0: p ≥ .30    Ha: p < .30.

6. If the cost of making a Type I error is high, a smaller value should be chosen for the

a. confidence coefficient.
b. level of significance.
c. test statistic.
d. critical value.

7. The average hourly wage of computer programmers with 2 years of experience has been $21.80. Because of high demand for computer programmers, it is believed there has been a significant increase in the average hourly wage of computer programmers. To test whether or not there has been an increase, the correct hypotheses to be tested are

a. H0: μ < 21.80     Ha: μ ≥ 21.80.
b. H0: μ > 21.80     Ha: μ ≤ 21.80.
c. H0: μ ≤ 21.80     Ha: μ > 21.80.
d. H0: μ = 21.80     Ha: μ ≠ 21.80.

8. Your investment executive claims that the average yearly rate of return on the stocks she recommends is at least 10.0%. You plan on taking a sample to test her claim. The correct set of hypotheses is

a. H0: μ < 10.0%    Ha: μ ≥ 10.0%.
b. H0: μ ≥ 10.0%    Ha: μ < 10.0%.
c. H0: μ > 10.0%    Ha: μ ≤ 10.0%.
d. H0: μ ≤ 10.0%    Ha: μ > 10.0%

9. The sum of the values of α and β

a. is always 1.
b. is always .5.
c. gives the probability of taking the correct decision.
d. is not needed in hypothesis testing

10. For a two-tailed test, the p-value is the probability of obtaining a value for the test statistic as

a. unlikely as that provided by the population.
b. unlikely as that provided by the sample.
c. likely as that provided by the population.
d. likely as that provided by the sample

11. A random sample of 16 students selected from the student body of a large university had an average age of 25 years and a standard deviation of 2 years. We want to determine if the average age of all the students at the university is significantly more than 24. Assume the distribution of the population of ages is normal. Using α = .05, it can be concluded that the population mean age is

a. not significantly different from 24.
b. significantly more than 24.
c. significantly less than 24.
d. significantly different from 24

12. If the level of significance of a hypothesis test is raised from .01 to .05, the probability of a Type II error

a. will decrease.
b. will also increase from .01 to .05.
c. will not change.
d. will increase.

13. The average monthly rent for one-bedroom apartments in Chattanooga has been $700. Because of the downturn in the real estate market, it is believed that there has been a decrease in the average rental. The correct hypotheses to be tested are

a. H0: μ ≥ 700     Ha: μ < 700.
b. H0: μ = 700     Ha: μ ≠ 700.
c. H0: μ < 700     Ha: μ ≥ 700.
d. H0: μ > 700     Ha: μ ≤ 700

14. A computer manufacturer claims its computers will perform effectively for more than 5 years. Which pair of hypotheses should be used to test this claim?

a. H0: μ > 5; Ha: μ ≤ 5
b. H0: μ < 5; Ha: μ ≥ 5
c. H0: μ ≥ 5; Ha: μ < 5
d. H0: μ ≤ 5; Ha: μ > 5

15. The probability of making a Type I error is denoted by

a. β.
b. α.
c. 1 – β.
d. 1 – α.

16. A grocery store has an average sales of $8000 per day. The store introduced several advertising campaigns in order to increase sales. To determine whether or not the advertising campaigns have been effective in increasing sales, a sample of 64 days of sales was selected. It was found that the average was $8300 per day. From past information, it is known that the standard deviation of the population is $1200. The value of the test statistic is

a. 2.00.
b. 80.00.
c. .25.
d. 8.25

17. A random sample of 100 people was taken. Eighty-five of the people in the sample favored Candidate A. We are interested in determining whether or not the proportion of the population in favor of Candidate A is significantly more than 80%. The p-value is

a. .2112.
b. .025.
c. .05.
d. .1056.

18. A random sample of 16 students selected from the student body of a large university had an average age of 25 years and a standard deviation of 2 years. We want to determine if the average age of all the students at the university is significantly more than 24. Assume the distribution of the population of ages is normal. Using α = .05, it can be concluded that the population mean age is

a. significantly less than 24.
b. significantly different from 24.
c. significantly more than 24.
d. not significantly different from 24.

19. If the cost of making a Type I error is high, a smaller value should be chosen for the

a. confidence coefficient.
b. level of significance.
c. critical value.
d. test statistic.

20. An assumption made about the value of a population parameter is called a(n)

a. error.
b. conclusion.
c. hypothesis.
d. probability.

21. Read the z statistic from the normal distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a two-tailed test using α = .0160, z =

a. 2.41.
b. 1.96.
c. 1.14.
d. .86

22. The critical value of t for a two-tailed test with 6 degrees of freedom using α = .05 is

a. 1.985.
b. 2.365.
c. 2.447.
d. 1.943.

23. Which of the following approaches cannot be used to perform a two-tailed hypothesis test about μ?

a. Compare the p-value to the value of α.
b. Compare the confidence interval estimate of μ to the hypothesized value of μ.
c. Compare the level of significance to the confidence coefficient.
d. Compare the value of the test statistic to the critical value.

24. When the null hypothesis is rejected, it is

a. not possible a Type I error has occurred.
b. possible either a Type I or a Type II error has occurred.
c. possible a Type II error has occurred.
d. possible a Type I error has occurred

25. When the p-value is used for hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis is rejected if

a. α < p-value.
b. p-value = x̄.
c. p-value < ζ.
d. p-value ≤ α.

26. The manager of a laptop computer dealership is considering a new bonus plan in order to increase sales. Currently, the mean sales rate per salesperson is five laptops per week. The correct set of hypotheses for testing the effect of the bonus plan is

a. H0: μ < 5    Ha: μ ≥ 5.
b. H0: μ ≥ 5    Ha: μ < 5.
c. H0: μ > 5    Ha: μ ≤ 5.
d. H0: μ ≤ 5    Ha: μ > 5.

27. In hypothesis tests about a population proportion, p0 represents the

a. observed sample proportion.
b. observed p-value.
c. probability that H0 is correct.
d. hypothesized population proportion.

28. If the null hypothesis is rejected at the 5% level of significance, it

a. will always be rejected at the 1% level.
b. will never be tested at the 1% level.
c. will always not be rejected at the 1% level.
d. may be rejected or not rejected at the 1% level.

29. For a two-tailed hypothesis test with a sample size of 20 and a .05 level of significance, the critical values of the test statistic t are

a. -1.725 and 1.725.
b. -2.093 and 2.093.
c. -1.729 and 1.729.
d. -2.086 and 2.086.

30. In a lower tail hypothesis test situation, the p-value is determined to be .2. If the sample size for this test is 51, the t statistic has a value of

a. -.849.
b. -1.299.
c. .849.
d. 1.299

31. For a two-tailed hypothesis test about μ, we can use any of the following approaches except

a. compare the p-value to the value of α.
b. compare the value of the test statistic to the critical value.
c. compare the level of significance to the confidence coefficient.
d. compare the confidence interval estimate of μ to the hypothesized value of μ.

32. Read the t statistic from the t distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a one-tailed test (lower tail), using a sample size of 10, and at the 10% level of significance, t =

a. -2.821.
b. 2.821.
c. -1.383.
d. 1.383.

33. The average monthly rent for one-bedroom apartments in Chattanooga has been $700. Because of the downturn in the real estate market, it is believed that there has been a decrease in the average rental. The correct hypotheses to be tested are

a. H0: μ = 700     Ha: μ ≠ 700.
b. H0: μ < 700     Ha: μ ≥ 700.
c. H0: μ > 700     Ha: μ ≤ 700.
d. H0: μ ≥ 700     Ha: μ < 700.

34. In a one-tailed hypothesis test (lower tail), the test statistic is determined to be -2. The p-value for this test is

a. .4772.
b. .0228.
c. .0056.
d. .5228

35. A random sample of 16 students selected from the student body of a large university had an average age of 25 years and a standard deviation of 2 years. We want to determine if the average age of all the students at the university is significantly more than 24. Assume the distribution of the population of ages is normal. The p-value is between

a. .025 to .05.
b. .01 to .025.
c. .05 to .10.
d. .005 to .01.

36. Read the z statistic from the normal distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a two-tailed test using α = .1388, z =

a. .86.
b. 1.09.
c. 1.96.
d. 1.48.

37. When the null hypothesis is rejected, it is

a. possible a Type II error has occurred.
b. possible a Type I error has occurred.
c. possible either a Type I or a Type II error has occurred.
d. not possible a Type I error has occurred

38. Read the t statistic from the t distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a one-tailed test (lower tail), using a sample size of 10, and at the 10% level of significance, t =

a. 1.383.
b. 2.821.
c. -2.821.
d. -1.383.

39. Given the following information,

n = 49, x̄ = 50, s = 7
H0: μ ≥ 52
Ha: μ < 52

the test statistic is

a. 1.
b. -2.
c. 2.
d. -1.

40. Batteries produced by a manufacturing company have had a life expectancy of 135 hours. Because of an improved production process, the company believes that there has been an increase in the life expectancy of its batteries. A sample of 42 batteries showed an average life of 140 hours. From past information, the standard deviation of the population is known to be 24 hours. Test to determine whether there has been an increase in the life expectancy of batteries. What is the test statistic, and what conclusion can be made at the .10 level of significance?

a. z = 2.33; Reject the null hypothesis
b. z = .208; Do not reject the null hypothesis
c. z = .088; Do not reject the null hypothesis
d. z = 1.35; Reject the null hypothesis

41. The p-value is

a. a probability.
b. the same as the z statistic.
c. a distance.
d. a sample statistic.

42. In hypothesis testing, the critical value is

a. the same as the p-value.
b. the probability of a Type I error.
c. the probability of a Type II error.
d. a number that establishes the boundary of the rejection region.

43. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following information.

TodayFive Years Ago
x̄8288
σ2112.554
n4536

What is the conclusion that can be reached about the difference in the average final examination scores between the two classes? (Use a .05 level of significance.)

a. There is no statistically significant difference in the average final examination scores between the two classes.
b. The students who enrolled in statistics today are the same students who enrolled five years ago.
c. It is impossible to make a decision on the basis of the information given.
d. There is a statistically significant difference in the average final examination scores between the two classes.

44. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown below.

ProductShoppers SurveyedShoppers Favoring
This Product
A800560
B900612

The point estimate for the difference between the two population proportions in favor of this product is

a. .68.
b. .02.
c. .44.
d. .07.

45. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.

Under Age of 18Over Age of 18
n1 = 500n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180Number of accidents = 150

We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups. The pooled estimator of the population proportion is

a. .300.
b. .027.
c. .450.
d. .305.

46. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations.
The daily production rates for a sample of workers before and after a training program are shown below. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

WorkerBeforeAfter
12022
22523
32727
42320
52225
62019
71718

The point estimate for the difference between the means of the two populations is

a. 1.
b. 0.
c. -2.
d. -1.

47. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Sample 1Sample 2
Sample Mean4542
Sample Variance8590
Sample Size1012

The degrees of freedom for the t distribution are

a. 20.
b. 24.
c. 21.
d. 22.

48. Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with engines of the same size. We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the mean MPG (miles per gallon) when testing for the fuel efficiency of these two brands of automobiles. A random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to drive each automobile for a specified distance. The following data (in miles per gallon) show the results of the test. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

DriverManufacturer AManufacturer B
13228
22722
32627
42624
52524
62925
73128
82527

At α = .10, the null hypothesis

a. should not be tested.
b. should not be rejected.
c. should be revised.
d. should be rejected.

49. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following information.

TodayFive Years Ago
x̄8288
σ2112.554
n4536

The test statistic for the difference between the two population means is

a. -.47.
b. -.65.
c. -3.0.
d. -1.5

50. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.

Under Age of 18Over Age of 18
n1 = 500n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180Number of accidents = 150

We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups. The p-value is

a. .3.
b. .0228.
c. more than .10.
d. less than .001

51. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following information.

TodayFive Years Ago
x̄8288
σ2112.554
n4536

The p-value for the difference between the two population means is

a. .0026.
b. .4987.
c. .0013.
d. .9987.

52. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following information.

TodayFive Years Ago
x̄8288
σ2112.554
n4536

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is

a. -13.84 to -1.16.
b. -3.08 to 3.92.
c. -24.77 to 12.23.
d. -9.92 to -2.08.

53. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

IndividualMethod 1Method 2
175
259
368
477
556

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is

a. -1.776 to 2.776.
b. -2.776 to 2.776.
c. -1.776 to 1.776.
d. -3.776 to 1.776.

54. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following information.

TodayFive Years Ago
x̄8288
σ2112.554
n4536

The point estimate for the difference between the means of the two populations is

a. -6.
b. 9.
c. -9.
d. 58.5.

55. Generally, the ________ sample procedure for inferences about two population means provides better precision than the _______ sample approach.

a. single, independent
b. matched, pooled
c. matched, independent
d. independent, pooled

56. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown below.

ProductShoppers SurveyedShoppers Favoring
This Product
A800560
B900612

The point estimate for the difference between the two population proportions in favor of this product is

a. .02.
b. .07.
c. .68.
d. .44.

57. The management of a department store is interested in estimating the difference between the mean credit purchases of customers using the store’s credit card versus those customers using a national major credit card. You are given the following information.

Store’s CardMajor Credit Card
Sample size6449
Sample mean$140$125
Population standard deviation$10$8

At 95% confidence, the margin of error is

a. 3.32.
b. 1.96.
c. 15.
d. 1.694

58. When each data value in one sample is matched with a corresponding data value in another sample, the samples are known as

a. corresponding samples.
b. pooled samples.
c. independent samples.
d. matched samples.

59. If we are interested in testing whether the proportion of items in population 1 is larger than the proportion of items in population 2, the

a. null hypothesis should state p1 – p2 > 0.
b. alternative hypothesis should state p1 – p2 > 0.
c. alternative hypothesis should state p1 – p2 < 0.
d. null hypothesis should state p1 – p2 < 0.

60. The management of a department store is interested in estimating the difference between the mean credit purchases of customers using the store’s credit card versus those customers using a national major credit card. You are given the following information.

Store’s CardMajor Credit Card
Sample size6449
Sample mean$140$125
Population standard deviation$10$8

A point estimate for the difference between the mean purchases of all users of the two credit cards is

a. 2.
b. 265.
c. 15.
d. 18

61. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown below.

ProductShoppers SurveyedShoppers Favoring
This Product
A800560
B900612

At 95% confidence, the margin of error is

a. .064.
b. .044.
c. .025.
d. .0225.

62. In hypothesis tests about p1 – p2, the pooled estimator of p is a(n)

a. weighted average of p̄1 and p̄2.
b. geometric average of p̄1 and p̄2.
c. simple average of p̄1 and p̄2.
d. exponential average of p̄1 and p̄2.

63. The management of a department store is interested in estimating the difference between the mean credit purchases of customers using the store’s credit card versus those customers using a national major credit card. You are given the following information.

Store’s CardMajor Credit Card
Sample size6449
Sample mean$140$125
Population standard deviation$10$8

A point estimate for the difference between the mean purchases of all users of the two credit cards is

a. 18.
b. 15.
c. 2.
d. 265.

64. When each data value in one sample is matched with a corresponding data value in another sample, the samples are known as

a. independent samples.
b. matched samples.
c. pooled samples.
d. corresponding samples.

65. A researcher is interested in determining whether the mean of group 1 is 10 units larger than the mean of group 2. Which of the following represents the alternative hypothesis for testing the researcher’s theory?

a. Ha: µ1 – µ2 > 10
b. Ha: µ 1 – µ2 ≤ 10
c. Ha: µ1 = µ2
d. Ha:µ1 – µ2 = 0

66. The results of a recent poll on the preference of teenagers regarding the types of music they listen to are shown below.

Music TypeTeenagers SurveyedTeenagers Favoring
This Type
Pop800384
Rap900450

The point estimate of the difference between the two population proportions is

a. .048.
b. -.5.
c. -.02.
d. .52

67. Regarding inferences about the difference between two population means, the sampling design that uses a pooled sample variance in cases of equal population standard deviations is based on

a. research samples.
b. conditional samples.
c. pooled samples.
d. independent samples

68. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

IndividualMethod 1Method 2
175
259
368
477
556

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is

a. -1.776 to 2.776.
b. -2.776 to 2.776.
c. -3.776 to 1.776.
d. -1.776 to 1.776.

69. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.

Under Age of 18Over Age of 18
n1 = 500n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180Number of accidents = 150

We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups. The pooled estimator of the population proportion is

a. .305.
b. .300.
c. .450.
d. .027.

70. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.

Under Age of 18Over Age of 18
n1 = 500n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180Number of accidents = 150

We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups. The p-value is

a. less than .001.
b. .3.
c. more than .10.
d. .0228

71. The local cable company is interested in determining whether or not the proportion of subscribers has increased during the past year. A random sample of households selected last year is compared with a random sample of households selected this year. Results are summarized below.

What is the value of the pooled estimate of p?

a. .708
b. .657
c. .085
d. .23

72. Of the two production methods, a company wants to identify the method with the smaller population mean completion time. One sample of workers is selected and each worker first uses one method and then uses the other method. The sampling procedure being used to collect completion time data is based on

a. independent samples.
b. matched samples.
c. pooled samples.
d. worker samples.

73. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown below.

ProductShoppers SurveyedShoppers Favoring
This Product
A800560
B900612

The point estimate for the difference between the two population proportions in favor of this product is

a. .68.
b. .44.
c. .07.
d. .02.

74. In order to determine whether or not there is a significant difference between the mean hourly wages paid by two companies (of the same industry), the following data have been accumulated.

Company ACompany B
Sample size8060
Sample mean$16.75$16.25
Population standard deviation$1.00$.95

The test statistic is

a. 3.01.
b. 2.75.
c. 1.645.
d. .098.

75. In hypothesis tests about p1 – p2, the pooled estimator of p is a(n)

a. exponential average of p̄1 and p̄2.
b. weighted average of p̄1 and p̄2.
c. simple average of p̄1 and p̄2.
d. geometric average of p̄1 and p̄2

76. The local cable company is interested in determining whether or not the proportion of subscribers has increased during the past year. A random sample of households selected last year is compared with a random sample of households selected this year. Results are summarized below.

What is the value of the pooled estimate of p?

a. .657
b. .708
c. .23
d. .085

77. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.

MaleFemale
Sample Size6436
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000)4441
Population Variance (σ2)12872

If you are interested in testing whether or not the population average salary of males is significantly greater than that of females, the test statistic is

a. 2.0.
b. 1.645.
c. 1.5.
d. 1.96.

78. A school administrator is interested in determining whether the proportion of students in the elementary school who are girls (pE) is significantly more than the proportion of students in the high school who are girls (pH). Which set of hypotheses would be most appropriate for answering the administrator’s question?

a. H0: pE – pH < 0     Ha: pE – pH ≥ 0
b. H0 : pE – pH ≥ 0     Ha : pE – pH < 0
c. H0 : pE – pH = 0     Ha : pE – pH ≠ 0
d. H0 : pE – pH ≤ 0     Ha : pE – pH > 0

79. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown below.

ProductShoppers SurveyedShoppers Favoring
This Product
A800560
B900612

The standard error of p̄1 – p̄2 is

a. .025.
b. .0225.
c. .68.
d. .044.

80. To compute an interval estimate for the difference between the means of two populations, the t distribution

a. is not restricted to small sample situations.
b. can be applied when the populations have equal means.
c. can be applied only when the populations have equal standard deviations.
d. is restricted to small sample situations.

81. The sampling distribution of p̄1 – p̄2 is approximated by a

a. t distribution with n1 + n2 – 1 degrees of freedom.
b. p̄1 – p̄2 distribution.
c. normal distribution.
d. t distribution with n1 + n2 degrees of freedom

82. The standard error of x̄1 – x̄2 is the

a. variance of the sampling distribution of x̄1 – x̄2.
b. standard deviation of the sampling distribution of x̄1 – x̄2.
c. margin of error of x̄1 – x̄2.
d. pooled estimator of x̄1 – x̄2

83. When each data value in one sample is matched with a corresponding data value in another sample, the samples are known as

a. independent samples.
b. pooled samples.
c. matched samples.
d. corresponding samples.

84. To construct an interval estimate for the difference between the means of two populations when the standard deviations of the two populations are unknown and it can be assumed the two populations have equal variances, we must use a t distribution with (let n1 be the size of sample 1 and n2 the size of sample 2)

a. (n1 + n2 – 1) degrees of freedom.
b. (n1 – n2 + 2) degrees of freedom.
c. (n1 + n2) degrees of freedom.
d. (n1 + n2 – 2) degrees of freedom

85. In order to estimate the difference between the average hourly wages of employees of two branches of a department store, the following data have been gathered.

Downtown StoreNorth Mall Store
Sample size2520
Sample mean$9$8
Sample standard deviation$2$1

A 95% interval estimate for the difference between the two population means is

a. .226 to 1.774.
b. .071 to 1.929.
c. 1.09 to 4.078.
d. 1.078 to 2.922

86. Two independent simple random samples are taken to test the difference between the means of two populations whose standard deviations are not known, but are assumed to be equal. The sample sizes are n1 = 25 and n2 = 35. The correct distribution to use is the

a. t distribution with 60 degrees of freedom.
b. t distribution with 61 degrees of freedom.
c. t distribution with 58 degrees of freedom.
d. t distribution with 59 degrees of freedom

87. In hypothesis tests about p1 – p2, the pooled estimator of p is a(n)

a. simple average of p̄1 and p̄2.
b. weighted average of p̄1 and p̄2.
c. exponential average of p̄1 and p̄2.
d. geometric average of p̄1 and p̄2.

88. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Sample 1Sample 2
Sample Mean4542
Sample Variance8590
Sample Size1012

The point estimate for the difference between the means of the two populations is

a. 2.
b. 15.
c. 3.
d. 0.

89. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.

MaleFemale
Sample Size6436
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000)4441
Population Variance (σ2)12872

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the means of the two populations is

a. -2 to 2.
b. 0 to 6.92.
c. -1.96 to 1.96.
d. -.92 to 6.92.

90. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Sample 1Sample 2
Sample Mean4542
Sample Variance8590
Sample Size1012

The degrees of freedom for the t distribution are

a. 22.
b. 21.
c. 24.
d. 20.

91. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Sample 1Sample 2
Sample Mean4542
Sample Variance8590
Sample Size1012

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is (use rounded standard error)

a. -2.65 to 8.65.
b. -4.86 to 10.86.
c. -5.344 to 11.344.
d. -5 to 3.

92. In order to estimate the difference between the average hourly wages of employees of two branches of a department store, the following data have been gathered.

Downtown StoreNorth Mall Store
Sample size2520
Sample mean$9$8
Sample standard deviation$2$1

A point estimate for the difference between the two population means is

a. 2.
b. 1.
c. 3.
d. 4.

93. A sample of 1400 items had 280 defective items. For the following hypothesis test,

H0: p ≤ .20
Ha: p > .20

the test statistic is

a. .20.
b. .28.
c. .14.
d. zero

94. Read the t statistic from the t distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a one-tailed test (upper tail) with a sample size of 26 and at the .10 level, t =

a. -1.316.
b. 1.740.
c. -1.740.
d. 1.316.

95. A school’s newspaper reported that the proportion of students majoring in business is at least 30%. You plan on taking a sample to test the newspaper’s claim. The correct set of hypotheses is

a. H0: p ≤ .30    Ha: p > .30.
b. H0: p > .30    Ha: p ≤ .30.
c. H0: p ≥ .30    Ha: p < .30.
d. H0: p < .30    Ha: p ≥ .30.

96. Which of the following does not need to be known in order to compute the p-value?

a. the probability distribution of the test statistic
b. knowledge of whether the test is one-tailed or two-tailed
c. the level of significance
d. the value of the test statistic

97. A student believes that the average grade on the final examination in statistics is at least 85. She plans on taking a sample to test her belief. The correct set of hypotheses is

a. H0: μ ≥ 85     Ha: μ < 85.
b. H0: μ < 85     Ha: μ ≥ 85.
c. H0: μ ≤ 85     Ha: μ > 85.
d. H0: μ > 85     Ha: μ ≤ 85

98. Read the t statistic from the t distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a two-tailed test with a sample size of 20 and using α = .20, t =

a. 2.539.
b. 1.325.
c. 1.328.
d. 2.528.

99. A weatherman stated that the average temperature during July in Chattanooga is 80 degrees or less. A sample of 32 Julys is taken to test the weatherman’s statement. The correct set of hypotheses is

a. H0: μ < 80    Ha: μ > 80.
b. H0: μ ≥ 80    Ha: μ < 80.
c. H0: μ ≠ 80    Ha: μ = 80.
d. H0: μ ≤ 80    Ha: μ > 80.

100. The p-value is a probability that measures the support (or lack of support) for

a. the alternative hypothesis.
b. the null hypothesis.
c. either the null or the alternative hypothesis.
d. neither the null nor the alternative hypothesis.

101. Read the z statistic from the normal distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a one-tailed test (upper tail) at α = .0630, z =

a. 1.96.
b. 1.50.
c. 1.53.
d. 1.645.

102. Generally, the ________ sample procedure for inferences about two population means provides better precision than the _______ sample approach.

a. matched, independent
b. single, independent
c. independent, pooled
d. matched, pooled

103. The results of a recent poll on the preference of teenagers regarding the types of music they listen to are shown below.

Music TypeTeenagers SurveyedTeenagers Favoring
This Type
Pop800384
Rap900450

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population proportions is

a. .48 to .5.
b. .028 to .068.
c. .5 to .52.
d. -.068 to .028.

104. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations.
The daily production rates for a sample of workers before and after a training program are shown below. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

WorkerBeforeAfter
12022
22523
32727
42320
52225
62019
71718

The null hypothesis to be tested is H0: μd = 0. The test statistic is

a. -1.96.
b. 1.00.
c. 0.
d. 1.77

105. Production output (i.e., number of parts) for a random sample of days from two different plants is shown below.

What is the estimate of the standard deviation for the difference between the two means?

a. 14.66
b. 5.12
c. 75
d. 130.34

106. In testing the null hypothesis H0: μ1 – μ2 = 0, the computed test statistic is z = -1.66. The corresponding p-value is

a. .0485.
b. .9030.
c. .0970.
d. .9515

107. Two independent simple random samples are taken to test the difference between the means of two populations whose variances are not known, but are assumed to be equal. The sample sizes are n1 = 32 and n2 = 40. The correct distribution to use is the

a. t distribution with 72 degrees of freedom.
b. t distribution with 71 degrees of freedom.
c. t distribution with 73 degrees of freedom.
d. t distribution with 70 degrees of freedom.

108. The following information was obtained from independent random samples. Suppose we are interested in testing H0: µ1 – µ2 = 15 and Ha: µ1 – µ2 ≠ 15.

What is the test statistic used in the hypothesis test for the difference between the two population means?

a. –1.37
b. 14.07
c. .829
d. –5.49

109. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following information.

TodayFive Years Ago
x̄8288
σ2112.554
n4536

The standard error of x̄1 – x̄2 is

a. 2.
b. 12.9.
c. 4.
d. 9.3.

110.

When each data value in one sample is paired with a corresponding data value in another sample for a sample of 35 individuals or objects and the corresponding differences are computed, what type of distribution will the difference data have?

a. t distribution
b. Matched pairs distribution
c. Uniform distribution
d. Exponential distribution

111. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

IndividualMethod 1Method 2
175
259
368
477
556

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is

a. -3.776 to 1.776.
b. -1.776 to 1.776.
c. -2.776 to 2.776.
d. -1.776 to 2.776.

112. Two approaches to drawing a conclusion in a hypothesis test are

a. p-value and critical value.
b. one-tailed and two-tailed.
c. Type I and Type II.
d. null and alternative

113. A random sample of 16 students selected from the student body of a large university had an average age of 25 years and a standard deviation of 2 years. We want to determine if the average age of all the students at the university is significantly more than 24. Assume the distribution of the population of ages is normal. The test statistic is

a. .05.
b. 1.96.
c. 2.00.
d. 1.65

114. For a given sample size in hypothesis testing,

a. the smaller the Type I error, the larger the Type II error will be.
b. the sum of Type I and Type II errors must equal to 1.
c. the smaller the Type I error, the smaller the Type II error will be.
d. Type II error will not be effected by Type I error.

115. In the past, 75% of the tourists who visited Chattanooga went to see Rock City. The management of Rock City recently undertook an extensive promotional campaign. They are interested in determining whether the promotional campaign actually increased the proportion of tourists visiting Rock City. The correct set of hypotheses is

a. H0: p > .75    Ha: p ≤  .75.
b. H0: p < .75    Ha: p ≥  .75.
c. H0: p ≤  .75    Ha: p > .75.
d. H0: p ≥  .75      Ha: p < .75.

116. If the sample size increases for a given level of significance, the probability of a Type II error will

a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain the same.
d. be equal to 1.0 regardless of α.

117. For a two-tailed hypothesis test with a sample size of 20 and a .05 level of significance, the critical values of the test statistic t are

a. -2.086 and 2.086.
b. -1.729 and 1.729.
c. -2.093 and 2.093.
d. -1.725 and 1.725.

118. Which of the following statements is true with respect to hypothesis testing?

a. All hypothesis tests are two-sided.
b. The p-value approach and critical value approach will always provide the same hypothesis-testing conclusion.
c. The level of significance must be known before computing a p-value for a hypothesis test.
d. All of these choices are true.

119. For a sample size of 30, changing from using the standard normal distribution to using the t distribution in a hypothesis test,

a. will have no effect on the area corresponding to the critical value.
b. will result in the area corresponding to the critical value being smaller.
c. Not enough information is given to answer this question.
d. will result in the area corresponding to the critical value being larger.

120. Which of the following represents a Type I error for the null and alternative hypotheses H0: μ ≤ $3,200 and Ha: μ > $3,200, where μ is the average amount of money in a savings account for a person aged 30 to 40?

a. A Type I error would occur if we reject H0 and conclude that the average age is less than 30 when in fact the average age is greater than 40.
b. A Type I error would occur if we reject H0 and conclude that the average amount is greater than $3,200 when in fact the average amount is $3,200 or less.
c. A Type I error would occur if we fail to reject H0 and conclude that the average amount is $3,200 or less when in fact the average amount is greater than $3,200.
d. A Type I error would occur if we fail to reject H0 and conclude that the average amount is less than or equal to $3,200 when in fact the average amount is $3,200 or less.

121. The p-value is a probability that measures the support (or lack of support) for

a. the alternative hypothesis.
b. the null hypothesis.
c. either the null or the alternative hypothesis.
d. neither the null nor the alternative hypothesis.

122. The probability of making a Type I error is denoted by

a. 1 – α.
b. β.
c. α.
d. 1 – β.

123. Read the t statistic from the t distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a one-tailed test (lower tail) with 22 degrees of freedom at α = .05, the value of t =

a. 1.383.
b. -1.717.
c. -1.721.
d. -1.383.

124. The average manufacturing work week in metropolitan Chattanooga was 40.1 hours last year. It is believed that the recession has led to a reduction in the average work week. To test the validity of this belief, the hypotheses are

a. H0: μ = 40.1     Ha: μ ≠ 40.1.
b. H0: μ < 40.1     Ha: μ ≥ 40.1.
c. H0: μ ≥ 40.1     Ha: μ < 40.1.
d. H0: μ > 40.1     Ha: μ ≤ 40.1.

125. In a two-tailed hypothesis test, the area in each tail corresponding to the critical values is equal to

a. 2α.
b. α.
c. 1 – α/2.
d. α/2.

126. Read the z statistic from the normal distribution table and circle the correct answer. For a one-tailed test (upper tail) at α = .0630, z =

a. 1.645.
b. 1.53.
c. 1.50.
d. 1.96.

127. In a two-tailed hypothesis test, the area in each tail corresponding to the critical values is equal to

a. α.
b. α/2.
c. 2α.
d. 1 – α/2

128. A school’s newspaper reported that the proportion of students majoring in business is at least 30%. You plan on taking a sample to test the newspaper’s claim. The correct set of hypotheses is

a. H0: p ≤ .30    Ha: p > .30.
b. H0: p < .30    Ha: p ≥ .30.
c. H0: p > .30    Ha: p ≤ .30.
d. H0: p ≥ .30    Ha: p < .30.

129. In a two-tailed hypothesis test situation, the test statistic is determined to be t = -2.692. The sample size has been 45. The p-value for this test is

a. -.01.
b. +.01.
c. -.005.
d. +.005.

130. A grocery store has an average sales of $8000 per day. The store introduced several advertising campaigns in order to increase sales. To determine whether or not the advertising campaigns have been effective in increasing sales, a sample of 64 days of sales was selected. It was found that the average was $8300 per day. From past information, it is known that the standard deviation of the population is $1200. The correct null hypothesis for this problem is

a. μ = 8000.
b. μ ≤ 8300.
c. μ > 8300.
d. μ ≤ 8000.

131. A random sample of 16 students selected from the student body of a large university had an average age of 25 years and a standard deviation of 2 years. We want to determine if the average age of all the students at the university is significantly more than 24. Assume the distribution of the population of ages is normal. The test statistic is

a. 1.96.
b. .05.
c. 2.00.
d. 1.65

132. A sample of 1400 items had 280 defective items. For the following hypothesis test,

H0: p ≤ .20
Ha: p > .20

the test statistic is

a. .14.
b. .20.
c. .28.
d. zero

133. Batteries produced by a manufacturing company have had a life expectancy of 135 hours. Because of an improved production process, the company believes that there has been an increase in the life expectancy of its batteries. A sample of 42 batteries showed an average life of 140 hours. From past information, the standard deviation of the population is known to be 24 hours. Test to determine whether there has been an increase in the life expectancy of batteries. What is the test statistic, and what conclusion can be made at the .10 level of significance?

a. z = 1.35; Reject the null hypothesis
b. z = .208; Do not reject the null hypothesis
c. z = .088; Do not reject the null hypothesis
d. z = 2.33; Reject the null hypothesis

134. For a sample size of 30, changing from using the standard normal distribution to using the t distribution in a hypothesis test,

a. will result in the area corresponding to the critical value being larger.
b. will result in the area corresponding to the critical value being smaller.
c. will have no effect on the area corresponding to the critical value.
d. Not enough information is given to answer this question.

135. The standard error of x̄1 – x̄2 is the

a. pooled estimator of x̄1 – x̄2.
b. variance of the sampling distribution of x̄1 – x̄2.
c. standard deviation of the sampling distribution of x̄1 – x̄2.
d. margin of error of x̄1 – x̄2

136. Regarding inferences about the difference between two population means, the sampling design that uses a pooled sample variance in cases of equal population standard deviations is based on

a. pooled samples.
b. research samples.
c. conditional samples.
d. independent samples.

137. A statistics teacher wants to see if there is any difference in the abilities of students enrolled in statistics today and those enrolled five years ago. A sample of final examination scores from students enrolled today and from students enrolled five years ago was taken. You are given the following information.

TodayFive Years Ago
x̄8288
σ2112.554
n4536

The standard error of x̄1 – x̄2 is

a. 12.9.
b. 4.
c. 9.3.
d. 2.

138. The management of a department store is interested in estimating the difference between the mean credit purchases of customers using the store’s credit card versus those customers using a national major credit card. You are given the following information.

Store’s CardMajor Credit Card
Sample size6449
Sample mean$140$125
Population standard deviation$10$8

At 95% confidence, the margin of error is

a. 1.694.
b. 1.96.
c. 15.
d. 3.32.

139. The following information was obtained from independent random samples. Suppose we are interested in testing H0: µ1 – µ2 = 15 and Ha: µ1 – µ2 ≠ 15.

What is the test statistic used in the hypothesis test for the difference between the two population means?

a. –5.49
b. 14.07
c. –1.37
d. .829

140. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Sample 1Sample 2
Sample Mean4542
Sample Variance8590
Sample Size1012

The degrees of freedom for the t distribution are

a. 22.
b. 20.
c. 21.
d. 24.

141. When each data value in one sample is matched with a corresponding data value in another sample, the samples are known as

a. pooled samples.
b. independent samples.
c. corresponding samples.
d. matched samples.

142. A researcher is interested in determining whether the mean of group 1 is 10 units larger than the mean of group 2. Which of the following represents the alternative hypothesis for testing the researcher’s theory?

a. Ha: µ1 – µ2 > 10
b. Ha:µ1 – µ2 = 0
c. Ha: µ 1 – µ2 ≤ 10
d. Ha: µ1 = µ2

143. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Sample 1Sample 2
Sample Mean4542
Sample Variance8590
Sample Size1012

The degrees of freedom for the t distribution are

a. 22.
b. 21.
c. 20.
d. 24.

144. The following information was obtained from matched samples taken from two populations. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

IndividualMethod 1Method 2
175
259
368
477
556

If the null hypothesis H0: μd = 0 is tested at the 5% level,

a. the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
b. the null hypothesis should be revised.
c. the null hypothesis should be rejected.
d. the alternative hypothesis should be revised.

145. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.

MaleFemale
Sample Size6436
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000)4441
Population Variance (σ2)12872

The standard error of the difference between the two sample means is

a. 2.0.
b. 4.
c. 7.46.
d. 4.24.

146. The following information was obtained from matched samples:

If the null hypothesis tested is H0: µd = 0, what is the test statistic for the difference between the two population means?

a. –.24
b. –.50
c. .51
d. –.48

147. Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with engines of the same size. We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the mean MPG (miles per gallon) when testing for the fuel efficiency of these two brands of automobiles. A random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to drive each automobile for a specified distance. The following data (in miles per gallon) show the results of the test. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

DriverManufacturer AManufacturer B
13228
22722
32627
42624
52524
62925
73128
82527

The test statistic is

a. 1.906.
b. 1.616.
c. 2.256.
d. 2.096.

148. Two independent simple random samples are taken to test the difference between the means of two populations whose standard deviations are not known, but are assumed to be equal. The sample sizes are n1 = 25 and n2 = 35. The correct distribution to use is the

a. t distribution with 60 degrees of freedom.
b. t distribution with 58 degrees of freedom.
c. t distribution with 59 degrees of freedom.
d. t distribution with 61 degrees of freedom

149. Two independent types of a product were produced. The dollar amount of sales for each type over a one-month period was recorded. Assume the sales values are normally distributed. The results are given in the table below.

What are the p-value and conclusion for the hypothesis test of H0: µ1 – µ2 = 0 vs. Ha: µ1 – µ2 < 0 using α = 0.05?

a. p = 1.326; Do not reject H0.
b. p = .0924; Do not reject H0.
c. p = .0924; Reject H0.
d. p = 0; Reject H0.

150. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.

Under Age of 18Over Age of 18
n1 = 500n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180Number of accidents = 150

We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups. The p-value is

a. less than .001.
b. .3.
c. more than .10.
d. .0228.

151. Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with engines of the same size. We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the mean MPG (miles per gallon) when testing for the fuel efficiency of these two brands of automobiles. A random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to drive each automobile for a specified distance. The following data (in miles per gallon) show the results of the test. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

DriverManufacturer AManufacturer B
13228
22722
32627
42624
52524
62925
73128
82527

The mean of the differences is

a. .5.
b. 2.0.
c. 1.5.
d. 2.5

152. Two major automobile manufacturers have produced compact cars with engines of the same size. We are interested in determining whether or not there is a significant difference in the mean MPG (miles per gallon) when testing for the fuel efficiency of these two brands of automobiles. A random sample of eight cars from each manufacturer is selected, and eight drivers are selected to drive each automobile for a specified distance. The following data (in miles per gallon) show the results of the test. Assume the population of differences is normally distributed.

DriverManufacturer AManufacturer B
13228
22722
32627
42624
52524
62925
73128
82527

The mean of the differences is

a. .5.
b. 2.0.
c. 1.5.
d. 2.5.

153. production output (i.e., number of parts) for a random sample of days from two different plants is shown below.

What is the estimate of the standard deviation for the difference between the two means?

a. 75
b. 5.12
c. 14.66
d. 130.34

154. A school administrator is interested in determining whether the proportion of students in the elementary school who are girls (pE) is significantly more than the proportion of students in the high school who are girls (pH). Which set of hypotheses would be most appropriate for answering the administrator’s question?

a. H0 : pE – pH ≤ 0     Ha : pE – pH > 0
b. H0 : pE – pH = 0     Ha : pE – pH ≠ 0
c. H0: pE – pH < 0     Ha: pE – pH ≥ 0
d. H0 : pE – pH ≥ 0     Ha : pE – pH < 0

155. The results of a recent poll on the preference of shoppers regarding two products are shown below.

ProductShoppers SurveyedShoppers Favoring
This Product
A800560
B900612

The point estimate for the difference between the two population proportions in favor of this product is

a. .44.
b. .07.
c. .68.
d. .02.

156. An insurance company selected samples of clients under 18 years of age and over 18 and recorded the number of accidents they had in the previous year. The results are shown below.

Under Age of 18Over Age of 18
n1 = 500n2 = 600
Number of accidents = 180Number of accidents = 150

We are interested in determining if the accident proportions differ between the two age groups. The p-value is

a. .3.
b. less than .001.
c. more than .10.
d. .0228.

157. Generally, the ________ sample procedure for inferences about two population means provides better precision than the _______ sample approach.

a. single, independent
b. independent, pooled
c. matched, independent
d. matched, pooled

158. The sampling distribution of p̄1 – p̄2 is approximated by a normal distribution if _____ are all greater than or equal to 5.

a. n1p2, n1(1 – p2), n2p1, n2(1 – p1)
b. n1p1, p1(1 – n1), n2p2, p2(1 – n2)
c. n1p2, p2(1 – n2), n2p1, p1(1 – n1)
d. n1p1, n1(1 – p1), n2p2, n2(1 – p2)

159. Which of the following is not true with respect to tests for the difference between two means when the population standard deviations are known?

a. The samples must come from normally distributed populations or the sample sizes must be large enough to apply the central limit theorem.
b. The margin of error for a confidence interval estimate is .
c. The samples must be randomly and independently selected.
d. The test statistic for a hypothesis test has a t distribution.

160. The following information was obtained from independent random samples taken of two populations.
Assume normally distributed populations with equal variances.

Sample 1Sample 2
Sample Mean4542
Sample Variance8590
Sample Size1012

The 95% confidence interval for the difference between the two population means is (use rounded standard error)

a. -4.86 to 10.86.
b. -5.344 to 11.344.
c. -2.65 to 8.65.
d. -5 to 3.

161. Salary information regarding male and female employees of a large company is shown below.

MaleFemale
Sample Size6436
Sample Mean Salary (in $1000)4441
Population Variance (σ2)12872

The standard error of the difference between the two sample means is

a. 7.46.
b. 4.24.
c. 4.
d. 2.0.

162. Random samples of size 17 are taken from a population that has 200 elements, a mean of 36, and a standard deviation of 8. The mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample means are

a. 36 and 1.86.
b. 8.7 and 1.94.
c. 36 and 8.
d. 36 and 1.94.

163. How many simple random samples of size 5 can be selected from a population of size 8?

a. 336
b. 56
c. 40
d. 68

164. A sample of 66 observations will be taken from an infinite population. The population proportion equals 0.12. The probability that the sample proportion will be less than 0.1768 is

a. 0.0778
b. 0.9222
c. 0.0568
d. 0.4222

165. The following information was collected from a simple random sample of a population.

161918172018

The point estimate of the mean of the population is

a. 16
b. 108
c. 19.6
d. 18.0

166. Random samples of size 100 are taken from an infinite population whose population proportion is 0.2. The mean and standard deviation of the sample proportion are

a. 0.2 and 0.2
b. 20 and .04
c. 0.2 and .04
d. 20 and 0.2

167. The sample statistic, such as x̄, s, or p̄, that provides the point estimate of the population parameter is known as

a. a population parameter.
b. a point estimator.
c. a parameter.
d. a population statistic.

168. The standard deviation of p̄ is referred to as the

a. deviated proportion.
b. sample mean proportion.
c. standard error of the proportion.
d. standard proportion

169. A sample of 25 observations is taken from an infinite population. The sampling distribution of p̄ is

a. not normal since n < 30
b. approximately normal if np > 30 and n(1-P) > 30
c. approximately normal because p̄ is always normally distributed
d. approximately normal if np ≥ 5 and n(1-P) ≥ 5

170. In point estimation

a. the mean of the population equals the mean of the sample.
b. data from the sample is used to estimate the sample statistic.
c. data from the sample is used to estimate the population parameter.
d. data from the population is used to estimate the population parameter.

171. In a sample of 400 voters, 360 indicated they favor the incumbent governor. The 95% confidence interval of voters not favoring the incumbent is

a. .871 to .929.
b. .071 to .129.
c. .765 to .835.
d. .120 to .280.

172. When constructing a confidence interval for the population mean using the standard deviation of the sample, the degrees of freedom for the t distribution equals

a. n + 1.
b. 2n.
c. n.
d. n – 1.

173. To compute the necessary sample size for an interval estimate of a population mean, all of the following procedures are recommended when σ is unknown except

a. use the estimated σ from a previous study.
b. use the sample standard deviation from a preliminary sample.
c. use judgment or a best guess.
d. use .5 as an estimate.

174. If we want to provide a 95% confidence interval for the mean of a population, the confidence coefficient will be

a. 1.645.
b. .95.
c. .485.
d. 1.96.

175. A 95% confidence interval for a population mean is determined to be 100 to 120. For the same data, if the confidence coefficient is reduced to .90, the confidence interval for μ

a. becomes 100.1 to 120.1.
b. becomes wider.
c. does not change.
d. becomes narrower

176. A random sample of 30 varieties of cereal was selected. The average number of calories per serving for these cereals is  = 120. Assuming that σ = 10, find a 95% confidence interval for the mean number of calories, μ, in a serving of cereal.

a. 117.00 to 123.00
b. 116.42 to 123.58
c. 115.30 to 124.70
d. 118.00 to 122.00

177. We are interested in conducting a study in order to determine the percentage of voters in a city who would vote for the incumbent mayor. What is the minimum sample size needed to estimate the population proportion with a margin of error not exceeding 4% at 95% confidence?

a. 600
b. 601
c. 625
d. 626

178. A machine that produces a major part for an airplane engine is monitored closely. In the past, 10% of the parts produced would be defective. With a .95 probability, the sample size that needs to be taken if the desired margin of error is .04 or less is

a. 111.
b. 216.
c. 110.
d. 217.

179. We can use the normal distribution to make confidence interval estimates for the population proportion, p, when

a. both np ≥ 5 and n(1 – p) ≥ 5.
b. n(1 – p) ≥ 5.
c. p has a normal distribution.
d. np ≥ 5.

180. The t distribution should be used whenever

a. the sample standard deviation is used to estimate the population standard deviation.
b. the population standard deviation is known.
c. the population is not normally distributed.
d. the sample size is less than 30.

181. A population has a mean of 53 and a standard deviation of 21. A sample of 49 observations will be taken. The probability that the sample mean will be greater than 57.95 is

a. .0495
b. .9505
c. .4505
d. 0

182.

Whenever the population has a normal probability distribution, the sampling distribution of x̄ is a normal probability distribution for

a. any sample size.
b. small sample sizes.
c. large sample sizes.
d. samples of size thirty or greater.

183. A simple random sample of 64 observations was taken from a large population. The sample mean and the standard deviation were determined to be 320 and 120 respectively. The standard error of the mean is

a. 15
b. 40
c. 1.875
d. 5

184. A population has a mean of 84 and a standard deviation of 12. A sample of 36 observations will be taken. The probability that the sample mean will be between 80.54 and 88.9 is

a. 0.9511
b. 0.7200
c. 8.3600
d. 0.0347

185. The population being studied is usually considered ______ if it involves an ongoing process that makes listing or counting every element in the population impossible.

a. infinite
b. finite
c. symmetric
d. skewed

186. Which of the following is an example of nonprobabilistic sampling?

a. Stratified simple random sampling
b. Judgment sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Simple random sampling

187. In a local university, 40% of the students live in the dormitories. A random sample of 80 students is selected for a particular study. The standard deviation of p̄, known as the standard error of the proportion is approximately

a. 5.477
b. 0.05477
c. 54.77
d. 0.5477

188. Four hundred people were asked whether gun laws should be more stringent. Three hundred said “yes,” and 100 said “no”. The point estimate of the proportion in the population who will respond “no” is

a. 75
b. 0.50
c. 0.25
d. 0.75

189. A wildlife management organization is interested in estimating the number of moose in a particular region. Organization employees divide the region into 10 sections and randomly select four sections to survey the number of moose present. What sampling method is being used?

a. Systematic sampling
b. Stratified random sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Judgment sampling

190. A population of size 1,000 has a proportion of 0.5. Therefore, the proportion and the standard deviation of the sample proportion for samples of size 100 are

a. 500 and 0.050
b. 0.5 and 0.047
c. 0.5 and 0.050
d. 500 and 0.047

191. The sample size needed to provide a margin of error of 2 or less with a .95 probability when the population standard deviation equals 11 is

a. 117.
b. 11.
c. 10.
d. 116.

192. When s is used to estimate σ, the margin of error is computed by using the

a. t distribution.
b. normal distribution.
c. mean of the population.
d. mean of the sample.

193. The manager of a department store wants to determine the proportion of customers who use the store’s credit card when making a purchase. What sample size should he select so that at 96% confidence the error will not be more than 10%?

a. 106
b. 76
c. 1
d. There is not enough information given to determine the sample size.

194. In an interval estimation for a proportion of a population, the value of z at 99.2% confidence is

a. 2.41.
b. 2.65.
c. 1.96.
d. 1.645.

195. What is the t value for  and 15 degrees of freedom?

a. 2.145
b. 0.691
c. 2.120
d. 2.131

196. In a sample of 400 voters, 360 indicated they favor the incumbent governor. The 95% confidence interval of voters not favoring the incumbent is

a. .120 to .280.
b. .871 to .929.
c. .071 to .129.
d. .765 to .835

197. An estimate of a population parameter that provides an interval of values believed to contain the value of the parameter is known as the

a. interval estimate.
b. confidence level.
c. margin of error.
d. point estimate

198. From a population that is normally distributed, a sample of 25 elements is selected and the standard deviation of the sample is computed. For the interval estimation of μ, the proper distribution to use is the

a. t distribution with 24 degrees of freedom.
b. t distribution with 25 degrees of freedom.
c. t distribution with 26 degrees of freedom.
d. normal distribution.

199.

A sample of 75 information systems managers had an average hourly income of $40.75 with a standard deviation of $7.00. The standard error of the mean is

a. 80.83.
b. 7.0.
c. 1.611.
d. .8083.

200. The t distribution should be used whenever

a. the population is not normally distributed.
b. the sample size is less than 30.
c. the sample standard deviation is used to estimate the population standard deviation.
d. the population standard deviation is known.

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