1. _____ are the benefits that can be measured in dollars.  Tangible benefits
2. _____ can involve a modeling process called what-if analysis, which allows a project manager to vary one or more element(s) in a model to measure the effect on other elements.   Quantitative risk analysis
3. _____ includes ongoing support and maintenance costs, as well as acquisition costs.   TCO (total cost of ownership)
4. _____ is based on combinations of the three logical structures, or control structures, which serve as building blocks for the process.  Modular design
5. _____ technology uses high-frequency radio waves to track physical objects.  Radio frequency identification (RFID)
6. A _____ consists of horizontal bars, connected with arrows that indicate task dependencies.  Gantt chart
7. A _____ describes the information that a system must provide.  business model
8. A _____ displays the same information as the Gantt chart, including task dependencies, but uses task boxes to include much more detail.   network diagram
9. A _____ includes a review of a project’s scope, stakeholders, budget, schedule, and any other internal or external factors that might affect the project.  risk management plan
10. A _____ involves breaking a project down into a series of smaller tasks.   work breakdown structure (WBS)
11. A _____ is a requirement or condition that a system must satisfy or an outcome that a system must achieve.   constraint
12. A _____ is a Unified Modeling Language (UML) technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system.  use case diagram
13. A _____ is a visual summary of several related use cases within a system or subsystem.   use case diagram
14. A _____ must be achieved to fulfill a company’s mission.   critical success factor
15. A _____ shows how data moves through an information system but does not show program logic or processing steps.  data flow diagram
16. A major advantage of object-oriented (O-O) designs is that systems analysts can save time and avoid errors by using _____ objects.  Modular
17. A systems analyst conducts a preliminary investigation to study the _____ and recommend specific action.   systems request
18. A(n) _____ investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information systems.   systems analyst
19. A(n) _____ is a series of tasks that, if delayed, would affect the completion date of the overall project.  critical path
20. A(n) _____ is a simple graphic organizer that helps systems analysts visualize the status of a project.   Storyboard
21. A(n) _____ is an event that could affect a project negatively.   Risk
22. Among the symbols in the accompanying figure, a _____ is a path for data to move from one part of the information system to another.   data flow
23. An _____ shows the objects and how they interact to perform business functions and transactions.  object precedent chart
24. Data flow diagram (DFD) entities are also called _____ because they are data origins or final data destinations.  Terminators
25. Hardware-based security controls include _____.   biometric devices
26. If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should _____.  switch to closed-ended questions
27. In a data dictionary, _____ is the maximum number of characters for an alphabetic or character data element or the maximum number of digits and number of decimal positions for a numeric data element.    Length
28. In a data dictionary, any name other than the standard data element name is called a(n) _____.  Alias
29. In a data flow diagram (DFD), a gray hole is a process that has _____.  at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown
30. In a given diagram, Kevin is designing a relationship in which a given employee can have no payroll deductions or he/she can have many deductions. Which of the following notations should Kevin write to mark this relationship?  0..*
31. In a sequence diagram, a lifeline is identified by a _____ line.   Dashed
32. In data flow diagrams (DFDs), a process resembles a _____, where the inputs, outputs, and general functions of the process are known, but the underlying details are not shown.    black box
33. In modular design, _____ is also called looping.   Iteration
34. In object-oriented analysis, an object is a member of a(n) _____, which is a collection of similar objects.   Class
35. In the rapid application development (RAD) model, during the _____ phase, users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs.   user design
36. Many companies implement _____ systems that integrate all customer-related events and transactions.   CRM (customer relationship management)
37. Many large IT departments use a(n) _____ team that reviews and tests all applications and systems changes to verify specifications and software quality standards.  quality assurance
38. Object-oriented (O-O) analysis describes an information system by identifying things called objects.  True
39. Objects within a class can be grouped into _____, which are more specific categories within a class.  Subclasses
40. Project monitoring, an activity of a project manager, _____.   requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating a project team’s workload
41. The _____ group typically provides leadership and overall guidance, but the systems themselves are developed by teams consisting of users, managers, and IT staff members.   application development
42. The _____, named after a nineteenth-century economist, is a widely used tool for visualizing issues that need attention and is drawn as a vertical bar graph.  Pareto chart
43. The iteration structure is the completion of _____.  a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes
44. The objective of a _____ is to use the combined judgement and experience of several analysts to evaluate systems projects.  computer resources committee
45. The process of concentrating on what is said in an interview and noticing any nonverbal communication that takes place is called _____.   engaged listening
46. The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time.    Cost
47. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) represents an object as a _____ with the object name at the top, followed by the object’s attributes and methods.  Rectangle
48. There are few CASE tools tailored to UML.  False
49. To evaluate _____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes.   Scalability
50. Transaction processing (TP) systems _____.   process data generated by day-to-day business operations
51. User productivity systems _____.   include groupware programs that enable users to share data, collaborate on projects, and work in teams
52. What process is concerned with demonstrating that the requirements define the system that the customer really wants?   Validation
53. When a use case diagram is created, the first step is to identify the system boundary, which is represented by a _____.   Rectangle
54. When planning an information system, a company must consider how a new system will interface with older systems, which are called _____.   legacy system
55. When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) _____ task.   Concurrent
56. When studying an information system, examples of actual documents should be collected using a process called _____.  Sampling
57. Which is one of the main sectors of ecommerce?  B2C (business-to-consumer)

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