1. _____ are important to a systems analyst who must work with people at all organizational levels, balance conflicting needs of users, and communicate effectively. A. Interpersonal skills
2. _____ describe what objects need to know about each other, how objects respond to changes in other objects, and the effects of membership in classes, superclasses, and subclasses. A. Relationships
3. _____ describes how instances of one class relate to instances of another class. A. Cardinality
4. _____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting an information system. A. Unified Modeling Language (UML)
5. A _____ is a graphical representation of the conditions, actions, and rules found in a decision table. A. decision tree
6. A black box does not want or need outside interference. A. True
7. A class can belong to a more general category called a _____. A. superclass
8. A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a _____. A. histogram
9. A major advantage of object-oriented (O-O) designs is that systems analysts can save time and avoid errors by using _____ objects. A. modular
10. A(n) _____ shows the object classes and relationships involved in a use case. A. class diagram
11. All objects within a(n) _____ share common attributes and methods. A. class
12. Among the symbols in the accompanying figure, a _____ is used to represent data that a system stores because one or more processes need to use the data at a later time. A. data store
13. Among the symbols in the accompanying figure, a _____ receives input data and produces output that has a different content, form, or both. A. process
14. An object has certain _____,which are characteristics that describe the object, such as the make, model, and color of a car. A. attributes
15. By showing processes as _____, an analyst can create data flow diagrams (DFDs) that show how the system functions but avoid unnecessary detail and clutter. A. black boxes
16. Class diagrams evolve into code modules, data objects, and other system components. A. True
17. Data stores are shown in a context diagram because data stores are external to the system. A. False
18. For each use case, a _____ in the form of a table is developed to document the name of the use case, the actor, a description of the use case, and so forth. A. use case description
20. Identify a typical example of a system requirement for the input category. A. Student grades must be entered on machine-readable forms prepared by the instructor.
21. Identify is a typical example of a system requirement for the performance category. A. The student records system must produce class lists within five hours after the end of registration.
22. In a class diagram, each class appears as a(n) _____, with the class name at the top, followed by the class’s attributes and methods. A. rectangle
23. In a data dictionary, _____ is the maximum number of characters for an alphabetic or character data element or the maximum number of digits and number of decimal positions for a numeric data element. A. length
24. In a data flow diagram (DFD), a gray hole is a process that has _____. A. at least one input and one output, but the input obviously is insufficient to generate the output shown
25. In a data flow diagram (DFD), a spontaneous generation process is a process that has _____. A. no input
26. In a data flow diagram (DFD), the Gane and Sarson symbol for an entity is a ____. A. rectangle, which may be shaded to make it look three-dimensional
27. In a sequence diagram, a _____ represents the time during which an object above it is able to interact with the other objects in the use case. A. lifeline
28. In a use case, an external entity, called a(n) _____,initiates a use case by requesting the system to perform a function or process. A. actor
29. In addition to helping to gather and analyze facts, many programs also automatically perform fact-finding for systems analysts. A. False.
30. In addition to the Gane and Sarson symbol set, another popular symbol set is _____. A. Yourdon
31. In an interview, _____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses. A. open-ended questions
32. In an object-oriented system, objects can _____ certain attributes from other objects. A. inherit
33. In data flow diagrams (DFDs), a process resembles a _____, where the inputs, outputs, and general functions of the process are known, but the underlying details are not shown. A. black box
34. In the early stages of systems analysis, interviews usually focus on specific topics, but as the fact-finding process continues, the interviews are more general. A. False
35. Rapid application development (RAD) relies heavily on _____. A. prototyping
36. Since diagram 0 is a(n) _____ version of process 0, it shows considerably more detail than a context diagram. A. exploded
37. Software such as Microsoft OneNote is a type of _____ software. A. project data management
38. Some objects might have a few attributes; others might have dozens. A. True
39. Structured English might look familiar to programming students because it resembles _____, which is used in program design. A. pseudocode
40. The _____ of an object is an adjective that describes the object’s current status. A. state
41. The disadvantage of the four-model approach is that ____. A. additional time and cost are required to develop a logical and physical model of the current system
42. The iteration structure is the completion of _____. A. a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes
43. The main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall population accurately. A. True
44. The process of concentrating on what is said in an interview and noticing any nonverbal communication that takes place is called _____. A. engaged listening
45. The same message to two different objects produces the same results. A. False
46. The term _____ refers to a system’s ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future. A. scalability
47. Using _____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes. A. functional decomposition diagrams (FDD)
48. Using _____, an analyst starts with an overall view, which is a context diagram with a single process symbol, and then the analyst creates diagram 0, which shows more detail. A. levelling
49. When a data flow diagram (DFD) is exploded, the higher-level diagram is called the child diagram, and the lower-level diagram is referred to as the parent diagram. A. False
50. When designing a questionnaire, the most important rule of all is to make sure that questions collect the right data in a form that can be used to further the fact-finding effort. A. True
51. When phrasing interview questions, a systems analyst should avoid _____ that suggest or favor a particular reply. A. leading questions
52. When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ might select any 20 customers. A. random sample
53. A _____ documents the details of a functional primitive, which represents a specific set of processing steps and business logic. A. process description
54. A graphic modeling program is used to manage details of a complex project, create queries to retrieve specific information, and generate custom reports. A. False
55. A(n) _____, such as Microsoft Outlook, includes a private calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features. A. personal information manager (PIM)
56. If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should _____. A. switch to closed-ended questions
57. In a data flow diagram (DFD), a process symbol can have only one outgoing data flow. A. False
58. In a sequence diagram, the _____indicates when an object sends or receives a message. A. focus
59. n a data flow diagram (DFD), processes contain the business logic, also called business rules, which transform the data and produce the required results. A. True
60. The _____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design. A. Unified Modeling Language (UML)
61. Use cases cannot interact with other use cases. A. False
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