1. _ result from a decrease in expenses, an increase in revenues, or both.     Tangible benefits
2. __ can help a systems analyst understand how the current system is supposed to work.  document review
3. ___ usually focus on long-term challenges and goals, the importance of a firm’s stakeholders, and a commitment to the firm’s role as a corporate citizen.  Mission statement
4. ____ enable objects to communicate and interact as they perform business functions and transactions required by a system.  Relationships
5. ____ includes ongoing support and maintenance costs, as well as acquisition costs.  TCO (Total cost of ownership)
6. ____ limitations result when a system that was designed for a specific hardware configuration becomes obsolete when new hardware is introduced.  Perfomance
7. _____ describes how instances of one class relate to instances of another class.  Cardinality
8. _____ lists each risk and assesses the likelihood that it could affect a project.  Risk Identification
9. _____ means that a project can be implemented in an acceptable time frame.  Schedule feasibility
10. A _____ consists of horizontal bars, connected with arrows that indicate task dependencies.   Gantt Chart
11. A _____ describes the information that a system must provide.  business model
12. A _____ documents the details of a functional primitive and represents a specific set of processing steps and business logic   process description
13. A _____ involves breaking a project down into a series of smaller tasks.  work breakdown structure (WBS)
14. A _____ is a sequence of tasks that has no slack time.  Critical Path
15. A _____ is a Unified Modeling Language (UML) technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system.  use case diagram
16. A _____ is an analysis tool that represents the possible causes of a problem as a graphical outline.  fishbone diagram
17. A _____ is logically impossible in a data flow diagram (DFD) because a process must act on input, shown by an incoming data flow, and produce output, represented by an outgoing data flow.  black hole
18. A car performs a(n) _____ called OPERATE WIPERS when it is sent a message with the wiper control.  Method
19. A code generator allows users to modify a report easily at any stage of the design process.  false
20. A drawback of a computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) environment is that it does not provide an overall framework for a developer to create a series of graphical models based on data available in a central repository.  False
21. A repository, a computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tool feature, organizes and documents system development tasks.  False
22. A spell checker will identify instances when the word “their” is incorrectly used instead of the word “there.”  False
23. A systems analyst conducts a preliminary investigation to study the _____ and recommend specific action.    systems request
24. A(n) _____ is an event that could affect a project negatively.   Risk
25. A(n) _____ represents a person, a place, an event, or a transaction that is significant to the information system.  Object
26. A(n) _____ represents the steps in a specific business function or process.  use case
27. A(n) _____ uses various symbols and shapes to represent data flow, processing, and storage.  data flow diagram
28. A(n) _____, such as Microsoft Outlook, includes a private calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features.  PIMs
29. Among the symbols in the accompanying figure, a _____ receives input data and produces output that has a different content, form, or both.  Process
30. An _____ shows the objects and how they interact to perform business functions and transactions.  ​object relationship diagram
31. An object’s _____ are the tasks or functions that the object performs when it receives a command to do so.    Methods
32. As early as the 1960s, programmers used tools such as editors and code debuggers to write mainframe computer applications   true
33. By showing processes as _____, an analyst can create data flow diagrams (DFDs) that show how the system functions but avoid unnecessary detail and clutter.  black boxes
34. Carnegie Mellon University’s Software Engineering Institute (SEI) is a world leader in software engineering and development.  True
35. During a presentation, you must control the discussion, maintain the pace of the presentation, and stay focused on the agenda — especially when answering questions.   False
36. For complex models, analysts can choose computer-based modeling tools that use _____, which includes standard shapes and symbols to represent events, processes, workflows, and more.  business process modeling notation (BPMN)
37. If processes must be performed in a specific sequence, the information should be documented in the _____  process descriptions
38. In a data dictionary, a(n) _____ is the smallest piece of data that has meaning within an information system.  Field
39. In a data flow diagram (DFD), the Gane and Sarson symbol for a data flow is a _____.  line with arrowhead
40. In a data flow diagram (DFD), the Gane and Sarson symbol for a process is a _____.  rectangle with rounded corners
41. In a presentation, specialized or technical terminology should be used whenever possible.  False
42. In a report, the executive summary is used to summarize an entire project, including recommendations, in several paragraphs.  True
43. In a sequence diagram, a _____ represents the time during which an object above it is able to interact with the other objects in the use case.  Lifetime
44. In a specific software environment, an integrated development tool is ineffective.  False
45. In a typical company organizational model, middle managers _____.  provide direction, necessary resources, and performance feedback to supervisors and team leaders
46. In a use case, the _____ is shown as a stick figure with a label that identifies its role.  Actors
47. In a(n) _____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart.  Informal
48. In addition to direct evaluations, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the _____.  total cost of ownership (TCO)
49. In addition to the Gane and Sarson symbol set, another popular symbol set is the _____ symbol set.  Yourdon
50. In an interview, _____ limit or restrict the response  ​closed-ended questions
51. In an object-oriented system, objects can _____ certain attributes from other objects. Inherit
52. In data and process modeling, a(n) _____ shows what the system must do, regardless of how it will be implemented physically.  logical model
53. In data flow diagrams (DFDs), a process resembles a _____, where the inputs, outputs, and general functions of the process are known, but the underlying details are not shown.  black box
54. In modular design, _____ is also called looping.  Iteration
55. In object-oriented analysis, objects possess characteristics called _____.   Properties
56. In object-oriented analysis, objects possess characteristics called _____ properties
57. In the rapid application development (RAD) model, the _____ phase focuses on program and application development tasks similar to the SDLC   ​construction
58. Inheritance enables an object, called a _____, to derive one or more of its attributes from a parent.  Child
59. John has finished compiling a list of the various members of the joint application development (JAD) group and the list is as follows: John is the JAD project leader, Tom is the representative from top management, Jennifer is a manager, Alen and Ian are users, Linda and Alex are systems analysts, and Clark is the recorder.
    As John develops the agenda, he wants to put the name of the appropriate person next to the agenda item. Whose name would he put next to the final task on the agenda, the task of documenting the results of the JAD session and preparing the report that will be sent to JAD team members His Own
60. Many analysts follow _____, which means that they develop a physical model of the current system, a logical model of the current system, a logical model of the new system, and a physical model of the new system.   a four-model approach
61. Many companies implement _____ systems that integrate all customer-related events and transactions.  CRM (Customer relationship management)
62. Many hardware and software companies offer _____ for IT professionals, which verifies that an individual demonstrated a certain level of knowledge and skill on a standardized test.  Certification
63. Many large IT departments use a(n) _____ team that reviews and tests all applications and systems changes to verify specifications and software quality standards.  ​knowledge base
64. Mauricio, a project manager at a reputed firm, has been assigned to handle a new project that the firm has received. This project involves a lot of scheduling that has to be handled by Mauricio.
    Mauricio estimates that the first module of the project could be completed in as few as 15 days or could take as many as 25 days, but most likely will require 20 days. What is the 20 day estimate called?  20
65. Of the measures of feasibility, questions such as “Does the proposed platform have sufficient capacity for future needs?” and “Will the hardware and software environment be reliable?” should be considered while assessing ____  technical feasibility
66. Once a data element has been defined in the repository, it can no longer be accessed and used by processes and other information systems.  True
67. One way to get fired quickly is to brag over social media about a new marketing strategy before it has been publicly announced.  True
68. Project planning, an activity of a project manager, _____.  Includes identifying project tasks and estimating completion times and costs
69. Project reporting, an activity of a project manager, _____.  includes informing management, users, and the project team about the progress of a project
70. Project scheduling, an activity of a project manager, _____  involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
71. Projects with very general scope definitions are at risk of expanding gradually, without specific authorization, in a process called ___   Creep
72. Representing requirements deals with _____ the problem.  Describing
73. Since diagram 0 is a(n) _____ version of process 0, it shows considerably more detail than a context diagram.  Exploded
74. Structured analysis is a traditional systems development technique that uses a series of phases, called the _____, to plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system   SDLC
75. Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it ___  keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
76. The analysts at Techno InfoSystems are considering the four-model approach to system development for a new client.
    Which of the following is a benefit if they use the four-model approach?  clear picture before modifications
77. The analysts at Techno InfoSystems are considering the four-model approach to system development for a new client.
    If they make use of the four-model approach, which is a likely outcome?  takes more time
78. The black box concept is an example of _____, which means that all data and methods are self-contained.  Encapsulation
79. The computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tool marketplace includes a limited variety of vendors and products, and all the tools dominate the marketplace.  False
80. The concept that a message gives different meanings to different objects is called _____.  Polymorphism
81. The disadvantage of the four-model approach is that __  the added time and cost needed to develop a logical and physical model of the current system
82. The objective of _____ is to gather data about project usability, costs, benefits, and schedules.  fact-finding
83. The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time.  Cost
84. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) symbol for a use case is a(n) _____ with a label that describes the action or event.   oval
85. The why, who, what, when, and how of communications are important questions that an individual must answer before he or she communicates.  True
86. To avoid the problem of _____, a project’s scope should be defined as clearly as possible.  project creep
87. Transaction processing (TP) systems _____.  process data generated by day-to-day business operations
88. Using _____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes.  FDDs
89. Using _____, an analyst starts with an overall view, which is a context diagram with a single process symbol, and then creates diagram 0, which shows more detail.  Leveling
90. Using a forward engineering computer-aided systems engineering (CASE) tool, an analyst can transform existing application source code into a working model of the system.  False
91. What process is concerned with demonstrating that the requirements define the system that the customer really wants?  Validation
92. When phrasing interview questions, a systems analyst should avoid _____ that suggest or favor a particular reply.  ​leading questions
93. When practicing a presentation, write a script so that the presentation can be read to the audience.  False
94. When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ might select any 20 customers.  random sample
95. When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ could ensure the sample is balanced geographically by selecting five customers from each of four zip codes.  stratified sample
96. When preparing an effective slide presentation, the first step (and perhaps the most important) is to prepare an overall outline that will be the foundation of the presentation.  True
97. When preparing slides for a presentation, use a serif style (such as Times Roman) for all body text and a sans serif style (such as Arial) for just the titles.  False
98. When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) _____ task.    Concurrent
99. Which is an example of a discretionary project?  Creating a new report for a user
100. Which is one of the main sectors of ecommerce?  B2C (business-to-consumer)

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