1._____ can help a systems analyst understand how the current system is supposed to work. A. Document review
2._____ is a planned meeting during which a systems analyst obtains information from another person. A. An interview
3. System developers can initiate a formal project as early as the preliminary investigation stage, or later on, as analysis, design, and implementation activities occur. A. True
4. If team members lack experience with certain aspects of the required technology, temporary help might be obtained from IT consultants or part-time staff. A. True
5. Quantitative risk analysis evaluates each risk by estimating the probability that it will occur and the degree of impact. A. False
6. Critical time is the amount of time that the task could be late without pushing back the completion date of the entire project. A. False
7. The purpose of quantitative risk analysis is to understand the actual impact in terms of dollars, time, project scope, or quality. A. True
8. The three legs of the project triangle are management, staff, and clients. A. False
9. Scheduling involves selecting and staffing the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members. A. True
10. Henry L. Gantt developed Gantt charts almost 100 years ago. A. True
11. In addition to tasks, every project has events, or milestones. A. True
12. Weight is an importance value that is added to each duration estimate. A. True
13. A project manager should never develop time and cost estimates based on the resources used for previously developed information systems. A. False
14. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) and Gantt charts are mutually exclusive techniques. A. False
15. The task name should be unique in the project. A. False
16. The task duration is the same as the elapsed time. A. False
17. A project schedule will not be accurate if the underlying task pattern is incorrect. A. True
18. Progress reports may be given verbally to immediate supervisors, management, and users. A. False
19. Gantt Project is a free open-source Java-based project management tool that is available on multiple platforms. A. True
20. Qualitative risk analysis can involve a modeling process called what-if analysis, which allows a project manager to vary one or more element(s) in a model to measure the effect on other elements. A. False
21. A risk response plan is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it. A. True
22. Frederick Brooks, Jr. observed that adding manpower to a late software project makes completion faster. A. False
23. If the project manager fails to plan, staff, organize, supervise, communicate, motivate, evaluate, direct, and control properly, then the project is certain to fail. A. True
24. Using a work breakdown structure (WBS) allows one to manage a project as one large task. A. False
25. Tasks are basic units of work that the project manager plans, schedules, and monitors. A. True
26 Gantt charts are more useful for scheduling, monitoring, and controlling the actual work than PERT charts. A. False
27. The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time. A. Cost
28. Project planning, an activity of a project manager, _____. A. Includes identifying project tasks and estimating completion times and costs
29. A project _____ negotiates with users who might have conflicting requirements or want changes that would require additional time or expense. A. Coordinator
30. Project scheduling, an activity of a project manager, _____. A. Involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assignment specific tasks to team members.
31. Project monitoring, an activity of a project manager, _____. A. Requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating and project team’s workload
32. Project reporting, an activity of a project manager, _____. A. Includes information managment, users and the project team about the progress of a project.
33. Effective project reporting requires _____. A. Strong communication skills
34. A _____ involves breaking a project down into a series of smaller tasks. A. Workdown breakdown structure (WBS)
35.In most systems analysis tasks, time and people are interchangeable. A. False
36. The first step in the creation of a Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) chart is to _____. A. Identify all the project tasks
37. Using a(n) _____, a project manager can convert task start and finish times to actual dates by laying out the entire project on a calendar. A. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) chart
38. A _____ chart displays complex task patterns and relationships. A. Program Evalution review technique (PERT)
39. The first step in creating a work breakdown structure (WBS) is to _____. A. List all the tasks
40. A(n) _____ is a recognizable reference point that can be used to monitor progress. A. Event
41. A _____ represents the work that one person can complete in one day. A. Person-Day
42. The _____ is the most pessimistic outcome of a task. A. Worst-Case Estimate (W)
43. A(n) _____ is a condition, restriction, or requirement that the system must satisfy. A. Constraint
44. A _____ might involve maximums for one or more resources, such as time, dollars, or people A. Contraint
45. A _____ cannot be started until a previous task is completed. A. Dependent Tasks
46. The prior experience method to make time and cost estimates works best for large projects. A. False
47. Two or more _____ depend on a predecessor task. A. Concurrent Tasks
48. When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) _____ task. A. Concurrent
49. Often, two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, which is called a _____. A. Predecessor Task
50. When two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, each of the concurrent tasks is called a(n) _____. A. Successor Task
51. A(n) _____ is a series of tasks that, if delayed, would affect the completion date of the overall project. A. Critical Path
52. Project managers always must be aware of the _____, so they can monitor the vital tasks and keep a project on track. A. Critical Path
53. A _____ is a review of a project team member’s work by other members of a team. A. Structured Walk-Through
54. A _____ is a sequence of tasks that has no slack time. A. Critical Path
55. When maintaining schedules, if enough _____ and frequent checkpoints exist, problems will be detected rapidly. A. Milestones
56. _____ give team members of a project an opportunity to share information, discuss common problems, and explain new techniques. A. Project Status Meetings
57. _____ give the project managers an opportunity to seek input and conduct brainstorming sessions. A. Project Status Meetings
60. In a Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) chart, each rectangular box, called a task box, has five sections that contain important information about a task. A. True
61. _____ is a full-featured program that holds the dominant share of the project management software market. A. Microsoft Project
62. A _____ consists of horizontal bars, connected with arrows that indicate task dependencies. A. Gantt Chart
63. A _____ displays the same information as the Gantt chart, including task dependencies, but uses task boxes to include much more detail. A. Network Diagram
64. _____, a free cloud-based project management tool, runs in a browser window, so there is no software to install to use it. A. Gantter
65. A(n) _____ is an event that could affect a project negatively. A. Risk
66. A _____ includes a review of a project’s scope, stakeholders, budget, schedule, and any other internal or external factors that might affect the project. A. Risk Managment Plan
67. _____ lists each risk and assesses the likelihood that it could affect a project. A. Risk Indentification
68. A _____ is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it. A. Risk Response Plan
69. A continuous risk-tracking process can _____. A. Notice changes in existing risks
70. _____ can involve a modeling process called what-if analysis, which allows a project manager to vary one or more element(s) in a model to measure the effect on other elements. A. Quantitive Risk Analysis
71. When tasks must be completed one after another, they are called concurrent tasks. A. False
72. _____, a human resource issue, is a possible cause of cost overruns in an organization. A. Inadequate Trianing
73. When a project manager first recognizes that a project is in trouble, one of the options available to the manager is _____. A. Delaying the Project Deadline
74. Adding more people to a project actually might increase the time necessary to complete the project because of a principle called _____. A. Brooks’ Law
75. A Gantt chart can simplify a complex project by combining several activities into a task _____ that contains subsidiary tasks. A. Group
76. Mauricio estimates that the first module of the project could be completed in as few as 15 days or could take as many as 25 days, but most likely will require 20 days. What is the 20 day estimate called? A. Probable-Case Estimate
77. Mauricio has decided to use a project management tool for this project. He wants the tool to be free and cloud-based so that there is no need for software to be installed. Help Mauricio in identifying the project management tool that best fits the purpose. A. Gantter
78. If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should _____.A. switch to closed-ended questions
79. If any task along a critical path falls behind schedule, the entire project will be delayed. A. True
80. Generally, systems analysts review the work of other systems analysts, and programmers review the work of other programmers, as a form of peer review, in structured walk-throughs. A. True
81. A _____ (sometimes called an epic) is a simple, high-level statement of a requirement. A. feature
82.A _____ is a Unified Modeling Language (UML) technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system. A. use case diagram
83.A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a _____. A. histogram
84.A list of topics should be sent to an interviewee several days before the meeting, especially when detailed information is needed, so the person can prepare for the interview and minimize. A. True
85.A popular user-oriented method is rapid application development (RAD), which resembles a condensed version of the entire SDLC, with users involved every step of the way. A. True
86.A single site visit usually gives true pictures, so it is unnecessary to visit more than one installation. A. False
87.A(n) _____ is a characteristic or feature that must be included in an information system to satisfy business needs and be acceptable to users. A. system requirement
88.A(n) _____ is a simple graphic organizer that helps systems analysts visualize the status of a project. A. storyboard
89.A(n) _____ shows the timing of interactions between objects as they occur. A. sequence diagram
90.A(n) _____, such as Microsoft Outlook, includes a private calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features. A. personal information manager (PIM)
91.Although taking notes during an interview has both advantages and disadvantages, the accepted view is that note taking should be extensive. A. False
92.An agile approach emphasizes continuous feedback, and each incremental step is affected by what was learned in the prior steps A. True
93.Because use cases depict a system through the eyes of a user, common business language can be used to describe the transactions. A. True
94.Before publishing a form on the Internet or a company intranet, a systems analyst should protect it so users can change the layout or design but cannot fill it in A. False
95.Compared with traditional methods, the entire rapid application development (RAD) process is expanded and, as a result, the new system is built, delivered, and placed in operation much later. A. False
96.Creating a standard list of interview questions helps a systems analyst to keep on track and avoid unnecessary tangents. A. True
97.Critical Thinking Questions
Case 4-1
John has finished compiling a list of the various members of the joint application development (JAD) group and the list is as follows: John is the JAD project leader, Tom is the representative from top management, Jennifer is a manager, Alen and Ian are users, Linda and Alex are systems analysts, and Clark is the recorder.
As John develops the agenda, he wants to put the name of the appropriate person next to the agenda item. Whose name would he put next to the final task on the agenda, the task of documenting the results of the JAD session and preparing the report that will be sent to JAD team members? A. His own
98.Critical Thinking Questions
Case 4-1
John has finished compiling a list of the various members of the joint application development (JAD) group and the list is as follows: John is the JAD project leader, Tom is the representative from top management, Jennifer is a manager, Alen and Ian are users, Linda and Alex are systems analysts, and Clark is the recorder.
There have been some rumblings within the firm that this development project is not necessary so John and others feel it is important to explain the reason for the project at the outset. Whose name goes next to this point on the agenda? A. Tom
99.Critical Thinking Questions
Case 4-1
John has finished compiling a list of the various members of the joint application development (JAD) group and the list is as follows: John is the JAD project leader, Tom is the representative from top management, Jennifer is a manager, Alen and Ian are users, Linda and Alex are systems analysts, and Clark is the recorder.
Who should be in charge of documenting the results of the JAD session? A. Clark
100.Critical Thinking Questions
Case 4-1
John has finished compiling a list of the various members of the joint application development (JAD) group and the list is as follows: John is the JAD project leader, Tom is the representative from top management, Jennifer is a manager, Alen and Ian are users, Linda and Alex are systems analysts, and Clark is the recorder.
Who should provide feedback regarding how the project will support day-to-day tasks? A. Ian
101.Due to the limited range of input and interaction among participants, few companies believe that a joint application development (JAD) group produces the best definition of a new system. A. False
102. Greater user involvement usually results in better communication, faster development times, and more satisfied users. A. True
103. In a sequence diagram, vertical arrows represent messages from one object to another. A. False
104. In a use case diagram, the user becomes a(n) _____, with a specific role that describes how he or she interacts with a system. A. actor
105. In a(n) _____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart. A. informal
106. In a(n) _____, team members prepare to lunge at each other to achieve their objectives. A. scrum
107. In addition to direct evaluations, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the _____. A. total cost of ownership (TCO)
108. In addition to helping to gather and analyze facts, many programs also automatically perform fact-finding for systems analysts. A. False
109. In an interview, _____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses. A. open-ended questions
110. In an interview, _____ limit or restrict the response. A. closed-ended questions
111. In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) _____ can be a valuable tool. A. questionnaire
112. In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) _____ can be a valuable tool. A. questionnaire
113. In the early stages of systems analysis, interviews usually focus on specific topics, but as the fact-finding process continues, the interviews become more general. A. False
114. In the rapid application development (RAD) model, during the _____ phase, users interact with systems analysts and develop models and prototypes that represent all system processes, outputs, and inputs. A. user design
115. In the rapid application development (RAD) model, the _____ phase resembles the final tasks in the SDLC implementation phase. A. cutover
116. In the rapid application development (RAD) model, the _____ phase focuses on program and application development tasks similar to the SDLC. A. construction
117. IT professionals recognize that successful systems must be user-oriented, and users need to be involved, formally or informally, at every stage of system development. A. True
118. Joint application development (JAD) provides a fast-track approach to a full spectrum of system development tasks, including planning, design, construction, and implementation. A. False
119. Knowledge of a company’s formal and informal structures helps a systems analyst determine the people to interview during the systems analysis phase. A. True
120. Microsoft OneNote is a type of _____ software. A. information management
121. in an interview, _____ are questions that ask a person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale. A. range-of-response questions
122. Personal observation allows a systems analyst to verify statements made in interviews and determine whether procedures really operate as they are described. A. True
123. RAD does not rely on user involvement. A. False
124. Representing requirements deals with _____ the problem. A. describing
125. Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it _____.
gives the interviewee an opportunity to take calls during the interview
keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
makes the interviewee feel comfortable during the meeting
gives the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed A. keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
126. System documentation is always up-to-date. A. False
127. System requirements serve as benchmarks to measure the overall acceptability of a finished system. A. True
128. Systems developers use joint application development (JAD) whenever group input and interaction are not desired, because it is linked to a specific development methodology. A. False
129. The _____ is a top-down representation of a process. A. functional decomposition diagram (FDD)
130. The _____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design. A. Unified Modeling Language (UML)
131. The ability to manage information is the mark of a successful systems analyst and an important skill for all IT professionals. A. True
132. The main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall population accurately. A. True
135.The main objective of all rapid application development (RAD) approaches is to extend development time and expense by excluding users from every phase of systems development. A. False
136. The personal interview usually is the least expensive fact-finding technique. A. False
137. The primary advantage of rapid application development (RAD) is that _____. A. systems can be developed more quickly with significant cost savings
138. The process of concentrating on what is said in an interview and noticing any nonverbal communication that takes place is called _____. A. engaged listening
139. The term “_____” refers to a system’s ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future. A. scalability
140. To evaluate _____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes. A. scalability
141. To obtain answers to requirements questions, the analyst develops a _____ plan, which involves answers to five familiar questions: who, what, where, when, and how. A. fact-finding
142. Using _____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes. A. functional decomposition diagrams (FDD)
143.What process is concerned with demonstrating that the requirements define the system that the customer really wants? A. validation
144. When conducting an interview, after asking a question, allow the person enough time to think about the question and arrive at an answer. A. True
145. When designing a questionnaire, arrange questions in a random order, intermixing simple and more complex topics. A. False
146. When designing a questionnaire, the most important rule of all is to make sure that questions collect the right data in a form that can be used to further the fact-finding effort. A. True
147. When phrasing interview questions, a systems analyst should avoid _____ that suggest or favor a particular reply. A. leading questions
148. When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ could ensure the sample is balanced geographically by selecting five customers from each of four zip codes. A. stratified sample
149. When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a _____ might select every tenth customer for review. A. systematic sample
150. When studying an information system, examples of actual documents should be collected using a process called _____. A. sampling
151. When using fact-finding techniques, asking what is being done is the same as asking what could or should be done. A. False
152. Which is a functional requirement? A. The contact management system shall generate a daily reminder list for all sales representatives.
153. Which is a non-functional requirement? A. The system must be operational 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
154. Which technique involves each participant speaking or passing when it is his or her turn? A. structured brainstorming
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